额敏新疆野苹果种群年龄结构与动态特征  

Age Structure and Dynamic Characteristics of Malus sieversii in Emin County

作　　者：曹羚 叶尔江·拜克吐尔汉 车畅 马春花 Cao Ling;Ye'er Jiang·Baike Tuerhan;Che Chang;Ma Chunhua(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi Xinjiang 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《西南林业大学学报（自然科学）》2022年第6期71-79,共9页Journal of Southwest Forestry University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区林业改革发展资金项目(LYFZJJTB2021)资助。

摘　　要：通过在塔城地区额敏县新疆野苹果集中分布区进行典型样地调查法,使用径级结构代替年龄结构,并结合种群生态学相关分析方法,研究新疆野苹果种群的年龄结构及动态变化特征。结果表明:新疆野苹果种群的年龄结构呈现类似纺锤形的非典型金字塔型,考虑外部干扰情况下种群结构的数量变化动态指数V'_(pi)远小于忽略外部干扰情况下种群结构的数量动态变化指数V'_(pi),但二者都大于0,种群结构对随机干扰的敏感性指数P_(max)接近0,表明种群属于增长型结构,但对外界干扰较为敏感,存活曲线趋于Deevey-Ⅱ型。在未来40、60、80 a后,幼龄个体呈衰退趋势,中老龄个体的数量则不断得到补充,表明维持种群长期稳定存在一定的难度。因此,日后需加强新疆野苹果幼苗和现存个体的抚育管理及人工补救,以便促进新疆野苹果种群稳定生长及资源恢复。Typical sample plot survey method was adopted in the concentrated distribution area of Malus sieversii in Emin County,Tacheng area to make the diameter class structure replace the age structure,and combined with the population ecology correlation analysis method to study the age structure and dynamic change characteristics of the Malus sieversii population.The results show that the age structure of M.sieversii presents an atypical pyramid with extremely wide base and narrow top,the quantitative change dynamic index V'_(pi)of population structure considering external interference is much smaller than that ignoring external interference,but greater than 0,sensitivity index P_(max)of population structure to random disturbance is close to 0,it shows that the population belongs to growth type,but it is sensitive to external interference,the survival curve model tends to be Deevey-Ⅱtype.In the next 40,60 and 80 years,the number of individuals in age class young is declining,and the number of individuals in age class middle and old is continuously supplemented,indicating that it is difficult for the population to maintain long-term stability.Therefore,in the future,it is necessary to strengthen the care man-agement and artificial maintenance of M.sieversii seedlings and existing individuals in order to promote the stable growth of the populations and resource recovery.

关 键 词：新疆野苹果 种群 年龄结构 数量动态 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]