《联合国海洋法公约》中“区域性反致条款”的适用研究  

Study on the application of“Zonal Renvoi Provisions”in UNCLOS

作　　者：徐攀亚 XU Pan-ya(School of Law,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China)

机构地区：[1]江南大学法学院,江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2022年第4期27-38,共12页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：2021年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目“适用《联合国海洋法公约》之外国际法规则解决海洋争端研究”(21YJC820042);2021年度中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“英国海外领土争端的国际法问题研究”(JUSRP121090)。

摘　　要：在国际法反碎片化认识论以及“系统整合”方法论的指导下,《联合国海洋法公约》中的“区域性反致条款”通过允许当事方援用“其他国际法规则”的方式,填补了公约在规范缔约国权利义务上的制度缺陷,并为法庭在争端中适用公约外的其他国际法规范打开了大门。“查戈斯海洋保护区仲裁案”中第2条第3款的解释适用便是“区域性反致条款”适用的典型实践。但本案仲裁庭不仅错误地认定了缔约国的权源基础,也未能明确公约之外其他国际法规范的边界范围,甚至有加重缔约国既有义务的嫌疑。作为重要的国际争端解决组织,仲裁庭肆意扩大争端解决职权的行为将严重扭曲国际司法秩序。“区域性反致条款”的适用要求法庭保持司法克制与司法能动的均衡,并在明确“其他国际法规则”范围的前提下,以与国家同意原则不相违背的方式对其予以解释,从而避免对争端当事国不公平局面的出现。Under the guidance of anti-fragmentation epistemology of international law and the methodology of“systematic integration”,“Zonal Renvoi Provisions”in UNCLOS have filled the legal gap of UNCLOS in regulating the rights and obligations of states parties by permitting them to invoke“other rules of international law”,and have opened the gate for tribunals to apply other international law rules other than UNCLOS provisions in the dispute.The interpretation and application of Article 2(3)in the Chagos Marine Protected Area Arbitration was the typical practice of how“Zonal Renvoi Provisions”are used.However,the arbitral tribunal of the case not only wrongly acknowledged the legal source of the state parties,but also failed to identify the outer limits of other international rules beyond UNCLOS.Even worse,the findings of the tribunal may increase the legal burdens of the state parties under UNCLOS.Being an important international dispute settlement institution,the random expansion of the arbitral tribunal’s inherent power will severely damage international judicial order.The application of“Zonal Renvoi Provisions”shall require the court to keep the balance between judicial activism and judicial restraint,and interpret“other rules of international law”in a way that is not incompatible with the principle of state consent,provided that the scope of the rules has been defined,in order to avoid the occurrence of an unfair situation towards state parties to a dispute.

关 键 词：《联合国海洋法公约》 “区域性反致条款” “查戈斯海洋保护区仲裁案” 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]