论WTO对自愿进口扩大协议的法律约束  

Study on WTO’s legal restriction on Voluntary Import Expansion Agreements

作　　者：张耀元 ZHANG Yao-yuan(Institute of International Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学国际法研究所,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2022年第4期85-96,共12页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金重点项目“国家安全视域下中国涉外经贸法律规则体系完善研究”(20AZD053)。

摘　　要：《中美经贸协议》扩大贸易章节确定了中方一定期间内对美方的贸易采购目标,反映了自愿进口扩大协议在国际社会中的重现。自愿进口扩大协议存在非互惠性,具有政府干预可能,容易产生贸易扭曲效果。本质上,自愿进口扩大协议是国际强权政治运作下的产物,进口国对此予以接受是在复杂国际政治经济背景下权衡的结果。对WTO而言,应进一步强化自身约束能力,对自愿进口扩大协议明确限制,避免其在多边贸易体制中的扩散,同时维护进口国权益。作为进口国,中国应强化市场调节作用,避免采取政府干预措施;强化透明度义务履行,将协议向WTO通报,通过监督机制在多边贸易体制中约束出口成员方经济优势地位的滥用;强化贸易协定的规则导向,减少结果导向方法的使用。The chapter“Expanding Trade”of China-US Economic and Trade Agreement defines China’s trade procurement targets for the United States within a certain period of time,reflecting the recurrence of Voluntary Import Expansion Agreements(VIEs)in the international community.VIEs are non-reciprocal,having the possibility of government intervention,and are prone to trade-distorting effects.Essentially,VIEs are the products of the operation of international power politics,and the acceptance by importing countries is the result of weighing against the complex international political and economic background.As far as the WTO is concerned,it should further strengthen its own binding force,clearly restrict VIEs,avoid their proliferation in the multilateral trading system,and at the same time safeguard the rights and interests of importing countries.As an importing country,China should strengthen the role of market regulation and avoid government intervention measures;strengthen the implementation of transparency obligations,notify the WTO of the agreement,and restrict the abuse of the economic advantage position of exporting members in the multilateral trading system through the supervision mechanism;strengthen trade agreements rule-oriented and reduce the use of result-oriented methods.

关 键 词：自愿进口扩大 《中美经贸协议》 非歧视 数量限制 非违反之诉 善意原则 

分 类 号：D922.295[政治法律—经济法学]