基于Landsat TM和OLI数据的30年间土地利用变化及生态敏感性研究——以西安市秦岭段鄠邑区为例  

STUDY ON LAND USE CHANGE AND ECOLOGICAL SENSITIVITY IN 30 YEARS BASED ON LANDSAT TM AND OLI DATA——A CASE STUDY OF QINLING MOUNTAINS OF HUYI DISTRICT IN XI’AN

作　　者：王曦 程三友[1] 李英杰 曹鹏举 肖良[1] WANG Xi;CHENG Sanyou;LI Yingjie;CAO Pengju;XIAO Liang(School of Earth Science and Resources,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,Shaanxi;Shaanxi Provincial Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Xi'an 710061,Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西西安710054 [2]陕西省环境科学研究院,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2022年第6期1655-1672,共18页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41872017);陕西省环境保护专项项目(批准号:[2020]82);长安大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项项目(批准号:300102272206)共同资助。

摘　　要：对位于关中平原南缘的西安市秦岭段鄠邑区,采用Landsat TM和OLI数据,分析1990~2021年土地利用及景观格局变化特征,并选取高程、坡度、坡向、土地利用类型、植被覆盖度和水系缓冲距离6个敏感性因子,结合层次权重决策分析法(AHP法)评价生态敏感性,识别了不同生态环境敏感区空间分布格局。结果表明:1)在1990~2021年间西安市秦岭段鄠邑区土地利用变化为林地和建设用地面积分别增加了39.31 km^(2)和4.01 km^(2);耕地、水域、草地和未利用土地的面积分别缩减了41.29 km^(2)、 1.16 km^(2)、 0.79 km^(2)和0.04 km^(2);30年间该区土地利用变化速率较大,土地利用程度综合指数从208.48降至204.21,与退耕还林政策的实施及城市建设紧密相关。2)在斑块类型水平上,耕地和建设用地破碎化程度高,分布趋于集中连片;林地和耕地的景观主导性不断降低。在景观水平上,整体格局趋于破碎和离散,景观形状不规则性强,总体异质性和均衡性降低,说明大力发展城乡建设推动了区域景观格局的动态变化,在人为干预和规划下,当地生态环境有所恢复。3)生态敏感性由城市向外围逐渐增加,高敏感区分布在山区和水域区,低敏感区位于城镇规划区周围,不敏感区在城镇中心,是人类活动区,说明生态敏感性和环境抗压能力受人类活动的影响。本研究结果旨在为秦岭区域土地资源可持续利用、生态环境保护提供科学依据,有效防止城市建设的无序蔓延和人类活动的过度干扰,对最大限度保持自然本底具有指导意义。Qinling Mountains within Huyi District, located in the southern margin of Guanzhong Plain(33° 45′47″~34° 03′45″N, 108° 21′50″~108° 46′05″E), is disturbed by human beings, and its ecological security has attracted much attention. Studying the change characteristics of land use pattern and ecological sensitivity is of great significance to the ecological environment protection and socio-economic sustainable development. This study interprets six remote sensing images from 1990 to 2021 based on Landsat TM and OLI data, and choose land use dynamic index, land use degree composite index and the land use conversion matrix to analyze land use change. In the study of landscape pattern, eight indicators are selected to analyze the change characteristics of the land use landscape pattern, including Number of patches, Patch density, Largest patch index, Landscape shape index, Shannon’s evenness index, Shannon’s diversity index, Cohesion index and Contagion index. In addition, based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP), elevation, slope, slope aspect, land uses, vegetation coverage and drainage buffer distance of factors are selected to evaluate ecological sensitivity, so as to identify the spatial pattern of sensitive areas of different ecological environment. The results show that:(1)From 1990 to 2021, the area of forest land and construction land increasing by 39.31 km^(2) and 4.01 km^(2) respectively, were mainly transferred from cultivated land, while the cultivated land, water area, grassland and unused land decreased 41.29 km^(2), 1.16 km^(2), 0.79 km^(2) and 0.04 km^(2) respectively. In the meantime, the rate of land use change was relatively large, and the land use degree composite index had dropped from 208.48 to 204.21 in the past 30 years, which was closely related to the implementation of the policy of Grain for Green and urban construction.(2)For the analysis of landscape pattern, the fragmentation degree of cultivated land and construction land is high at the patch type level, Number

关 键 词：Landsat TM和OLI数据 秦岭段鄠邑区 土地利用 景观格局指数 生态敏感性 人类活动 

分 类 号：TP753[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] F301.24[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程] S181[经济管理—产业经济]