基于SfM-MVS的古道微地貌信息提取与保护对策探讨——以华北井陉为例  

DISCUSSION ON INFORMATION EXTRACTION AND PROTECTION OF ANCIENT ROAD MICRO-TOPOGRAPHY BASED ON SFM-MVS: TAKING JINGXING IN NORTH CHINA AS AN EXAMPLE

作　　者：辛永辉 王冉[1] 林靖愉 惠元秀 吕艳 XIN Yonghui;WANG Ran;LIN Jinyu;HUI Yuanxiu;LÜ Yan(School of Earth Science and Resources,Chang'an University,Xi'an,710054,Shaanxi;School of Geology Engineering and Geomatics,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西西安710054 [2]长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2022年第6期1673-1685,共13页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:42271014和41672285);中央高校基金项目(批准号:300102280401)共同资助。

摘　　要：古道作为一种历史遗产,对理解人类交通文明与演进具有重要意义。它在基岩区往往保留有较为完整的印痕,但也会遭受物理、化学、生物等风化作用的破坏;此外,前人对古道的考证往往借助文献资料追溯来完成,鲜有实物证据的精细研究。因此,通过古道三维重建和其上微地貌作用过程的研究,并探讨古道破坏的关键因素对于其数字化保存和保护显得至关重要。本研究基于运动恢复结构多视角立体(Structure from Motion with Multi-View Stereo,简称SfM-MVS)的三维建模技术,对华北井陉古道的车辙痕迹进行了点云数据及其衍生DEM数据的采集和处理,对岩石构造和岩性进行分析,并对古道及基岩上微地貌的几何形状进行了信息提取和成因讨论,结果表明:1)微地貌三维点云分析法在山区古道数字化保存和信息提取上是可行的,测得古道1车辙内间距、外间距和车轮宽度最大频数分别位于1.02~1.05 m、 1.40~1.43 m和0.19~0.20 m;古道2车辙内间距、外间距和车轮宽度最大频数分别位于0.98~1.02 m、 1.38~1.42 m和0.20~0.21 m,精度满足分析要求。2)该区古道发育在奥陶纪马家沟组灰岩上,侵蚀作用多沿先存车辙、凿痕以及节理等部位进一步发育壶穴和坑洼等,并伴随着轻微的化学溶蚀,其中古道2车辙宽度的变化表现出与优势节理相关的首选方向,即近东西方向延伸,共轭节理组主要走向为NEE/NWW方向,南北方向的拓宽可能会受到节理组的影响;古道3人工凿痕部位普遍发育壶穴,地形较陡处壶穴较深(最深约10 cm),坡度较缓的路段壶穴较浅,一般介于1~7 cm之间。3)在古道的保护上,应切断山坡壶穴形成的必要条件,即通过排水护坡减少水动力条件和碎石物源,定期清理古道坡面并适当隔离保护,实施保护利用相结合的措施。以上认识对相似地质地貌条件的太行八陉等古道遗迹的保护均具有重要的借鉴意义。Ancient roads, as a kind of historical heritage, are of great importance in understanding human transportation civilization and development. It often retains complete imprints in the bedrock area, but also suffers from physical, chemical, biological, and other weathering. By studying the three-dimensional reconstruction of the ancient road and its microtopography, it is very important to explore the key factors of the ancient road’s destruction for its digital preservation and protection. The previous studies are often conducted with literature and materials, and there is little detailed research on physical evidence. Based on Structure from Motion with Multi-View Stereo(SfM-MVS)three-dimensional modeling technology, this paper collects and processes point cloud and Digital Elevation Model(DEM)data of the ruts of Jingxing Ancient Road in North China. The geometric shape of the microtopography on the rock is extracted and analyzed. The results are as follows:(1)The micro-topography three-dimensional point cloud analysis method is feasible in the digital preservation and information extraction of ancient roads in mountainous areas, and the accuracy meets the analysis requirements. The maximum frequencies of the inner spacing, the outer spacing and the wheel width the ruts of ancient road 1 were 1.02~1.05 m, 1.40~1.43 m and 0.19~0.20 m, respectively;the maximum frequencies of the inner spacing, outer spacing, and wheel width of the ancient road 2 were 0.98~1.02 m, 1.38~1.42 m, and 0.20~0.21 m, respectively.(2)The ancient roads in this area were developed on the limestone of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation, and the erosion occurred mainly along the pre-existing ruts, grooves, joints and other parts to further develop potholes, accompanied by a slight chemical corrosion. The change in wheel width of the ancient road 2 shows the similar direction in relation to the dominant joints, along the near west-east direction, the conjugate joint group lies mainly in the NEE/NWW direction, and the north-south width can be in

关 键 词：SfM-MVS 古道 微地貌 风化 保护对策 

分 类 号：P931.91[天文地球—自然地理学] P208