楚式“镇墓兽”形象与功能考  

On the function of the Chu-style“tomb guardian beast”

作　　者：王传明 WANG Chuanming

机构地区：[1]山东大学历史文化学院,山东济南250100 [2]长沙市文物考古研究所,湖南长沙410005

出　　处：《中原文物》2022年第5期108-113,共6页Cultural Relics of Central China

摘　　要：楚式“镇墓兽”之名并非来自先秦文献或器物自名,而是日本学者水野清一命名。然无论从楚地独特魂魄观念所映射的制作初衷,还是其初始和消亡时的形态,抑或是其与木俑的位置摆放关系所呈现的尊卑有别,都表明“镇墓兽”之名并不副实。这类木雕制品既非《山海经》或神话中的某些神怪,也非人间的巫史祝卜,其功能也非镇墓辟邪,或引魂升天。先秦文献所载楚地独特的魂灵观和“像设君室”以招魂表明,它们应是墓主之像,一种为了依附死者魂灵而制作的木雕人像。The terminology of Chu-style“tomb guardian beast”was created by a Japanese scholar,rather than from pre-Qin historical documents or inscriptions.However,the terminology is contradictory to the original concept and ideology reflected in artifacts of this kind.The author argues that those wooden sculptures were not mythical creatures or religious people,which were irrelevant with guiding the spirits to heaven.Rather,they should have been symbols of tomb occupants,in which the soul of the tomb occupant resided.

关 键 词：楚式“镇墓兽” 魂灵观念 招魂仪式 像设君室 

分 类 号：K879.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]