欧盟的农田生物多样性保护政策及启示  

Policies and Implications of Farmland Biodiversity Conservation in the European Union

作　　者：魏雪 胡潇方 徐志宇 李颖 靳彤[3] WEI Xue;HU Xiaofang;XU Zhiyu;LI Ying;JIN Tong(Cornell University,Ithaca 14853,United States;Rural Energy And Environment Agency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100026,China;The Nature Conservancy,Beijing 100600,China)

机构地区：[1]康奈尔大学,伊萨卡14853 [2]农业农村部农业生态与资源保护总站,北京100026 [3]大自然保护协会,北京100600

出　　处：《中国国土资源经济》2022年第12期40-47,共8页Natural Resource Economics of China

基　　金：自然保护公益伙伴计划合作项目“基于自然的解决方案(NbS)在山水林田湖草生态保护修复中的实践案例和应用指南研究”。

摘　　要：保护农田生物多样性对维护稳定的生态系统具有重要价值。将农田等生产性土地的管理纳入生物多样性保护目标,能够弥补自然生态系统保护的不足,有利于“2020年后全球生物多样性框架”关键目标的实现。欧盟国家的农田生物多样性保护起步较早,在全球处于领先地位。文章介绍了欧盟“农业环境计划”的发展历程及其以结果为导向、以高自然价值农田为目标对象的政策工具特点,回顾了试点项目遵循的五个步骤实施框架和激励机制,并以沼泽贝母蝴蝶的保护案例具体分析了试点项目的落地实践及其有效性。通过借鉴欧盟成员国的实践经验并结合我国目前的农业绿色发展政策,文章从标准设立、管理架构、部门协作、农业保护计划、高标准农田建设等五个方面提出未来加强我国农田生物多样性保护的建议。It is valuable to conserve farmland biodiversity to maintain stable ecosystems.Integrating the management of productive land,such as farmland,into biodiversity conservation targets can make up for the lack of natural ecosystem conservation and contribute to achieving key targets of"the post-2020 global biodiversity framework".The EU countries have an early start in farmland biodiversity conservation and are leaders worldwide.This paper introduces the development of the EU's"Agri-Environment Schemes"and the features of its outcome-oriented policy instruments targeting high nature value farmland,reviews the five-step implementation framework and incentive mechanism followed by the pilot project and analyzes the pilot project's implementation and effectiveness in the case of Marsh Fritillary butterfly conservation.Based on the practical experiences of EU member states and combined with China's current agricultural green development policies,the paper proposes suggestions to strengthen farmland biodiversity conservation in China in the future from five aspects:including standards establishment,management structure,departmental collaboration,agricultural conservation programs,and construction of high-standard farmland.

关 键 词：欧盟 农田生物多样性 农业环境计划 高自然价值农田 

分 类 号：F062.1[经济管理—政治经济学] F205[农业科学—农业基础科学] S181