贮藏营养对越橘翌年生长及氮素吸收利用的影响  

Effects of storage nutrition on next year growth and nitrogen absorption and utilization in blueberry

作　　者：王佳慧 唐雪东[1] 王明月 姚立英 刘宣 WANG Jiahui;TANG Xuedong;WANG Mingyue;YAO Liying;LIU Xuan(College of Horticulture,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Comprehensive Service Center of Xiyang Town,Yongji County,Jilin Province,Jilin Jilin 132201,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学园艺学院,长春130118 [2]吉林省永吉县西阳镇综合服务中心,吉林吉林132201

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2022年第11期29-36,共8页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0504205);吉林省科技发展项目(20200702021NC)。

摘　　要：贮藏营养是指树体越冬前积累在根、干、枝中的养分,对果树翌年春生长以及氮素吸收利用具有重要作用。试验以5年生越橘品种‘北陆’植株为试材,利用同位素15N示踪技术,研究不同处理(晚秋叶面涂氮、摘叶及枝干涂氮、秋施基肥)对越橘贮藏营养、翌年生长及氮素吸收利用影响。试验处理如下:晚秋叶面涂1%N、3%N、5%N,不摘叶+枝干涂氮(NLP+U)、摘叶+枝干不涂氮(LP+NU)、摘叶+枝干涂氮(LP+U),秋施基肥(C),以不作处理为对照。结果表明,秋施基肥和根外追氮均提高树体贮藏营养水平。其中以秋施基肥效果最优,其次是叶面涂3%N。秋施基肥处理的贮藏营养总量相较于对照提高17.87%,根系活力提高16.33%,叶面积、叶绿素含量及净光合速率分别提高21.98%、68.04%和23.51%,其氮素利用率最高,为14.98%。摘叶+枝干不涂氮(LP+NU)贮藏营养水平最低,低于对照6.35%,其翌年生长及氮素吸收利用能力较差。摘叶后枝干涂氮(LP+U)有效弥补养分缺失。Storage nutrition refers to the nutrients accumulated in roots,stems and branches before overwintering.It plays an important role in the next spring growth and nitrogen absorption and utilization of fruit trees.In this experiment,five-year-old blueberry variety'Northland'was used as test material.The effects of different treatments(nitrogen coating on leaves in late autumn,nitrogen coating on leaves and branches in late autumn,and base fertilizer in autumn)on blueberry storage nutrition,growth in the next year and nitrogen absorption and utilization were studied by isotope 15N tracer technology.The experimental treatments were as the followings:foliar application of 1%N,3%N and 5%N in late autumn,no leaf removal+branching with N(NLP+U),leaf removal+branching without N(LP+NU),leaf removal+branching with N(LP+U)and base fertilizer in autumn(C),with no treatment as the control.The results showed that both autumn basal fertilizer and extra-root nitrogen application increased the level of nutrients stored in the tree.The autumn basal fertilizer was the most effective,followed by the foliar application of 3%N.The autumn basal application treatment increased total stored nutrients by 17.87%,root vigour by 16.33%,leaf area,chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate by 21.98%,68.04%and 23.51%,respectively compared to the control,and its nitrogen utilization was the highest at 14.98%.The lowest level of nutrients was stored in the leaf removal+branch without nitrogen application(LP+NU),which was 6.35%lower than the control,and its next year growth and nitrogen absorptionand utilization were poor.Incontrast,leaf removal followed by nitrogen application to branches and trunks(LP+U)effectively compensated for the nutrient deficit.

关 键 词：越橘 贮藏营养 摘叶 叶面肥 秋施基肥 氮素吸收利用 

分 类 号：S663[农业科学—果树学]