土壤中微塑料来源、污染现状及生态效应研究进展  

Research progress on source,pollution status and ecological effects of microplastics in soil

作　　者：肖进男 张珍明 张家春[2] XIAO Jinnan;ZHANG Zhenming;ZHANG Jiachun(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Guizhou Botanical Garden,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州省植物园,贵阳550025

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2022年第11期86-96,共11页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重大科学研究计划项目(2013CB956702);贵州省科技支撑项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般491,黔科合支撑[2022]一般221);贵州省优秀青年科技人才项目(黔科合平台[2021]5631)。

摘　　要：塑料制品因成本低、可塑性好、耐用性强等特点,广泛应用于各行业。微塑料(Microplastics,MPs)作为土壤环境中一种新型持久性有机污染物,具有颗粒小、化学稳定性强、难降解、吸附性强等特点,吸引了全球学者广泛关注。近年来,农业耕作通过地膜栽种、污水灌溉、污泥利用和有机肥栽培等种植方式提高农作物产量,但其中残留的微塑料改变土壤环境中微塑料浓度分布,对土壤环境造成负面影响,也对生态系统和人类健康造成威胁。文章系统阐述土壤环境中微塑料来源及途径、污染现状、生态效应等污染问题,展望未来土壤中微塑料污染研究方向与重点,以期为全面了解土壤环境中微塑料污染机理和寻求解决微塑料污染提供思路。Plastic products were widely used in various industries due to their low cost,good plasticity and strong durability.As a new type of persistent organic pollutants in the soil environment,microplastics(MPs)have attracted extensive attention from scholars all over the world due to their small particles,strong chemical stability,difficult degradation,strong adsorption and other characteristics.In recent years,agricultural cultivation has raised crop yields through plastic film planting,sewage irrigation,sludge utilization,organic fertilizer cultivation and other planting methods,but the residual microplastics have changed the concentration distribution of microplastics in the soil environment.Microplastics bring negative impacts to soil environment,and also bring serious security threats to ecosystem and human health.The sources and ways of microplastics in the soil environment,pollution status,ecological effects and other pollution problems were systematically expound,and the research direction and focus of microplastic pollution in soil in the future were looked forward to,in order to provide ideas for comprehensively understanding the mechanism of microplastic pollution in the soil environment and seeking solutions to microplastic pollution.

关 键 词：微塑料 污染现状 生态效应 来源 迁移 土壤环境 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]