草莓根腐病防控生物药剂筛选与田间防治效果验证  

Indoor screening of biofungicides for strawberry root rot and verification of field control efficacy

作　　者：任晶晶 刘政源 王勇[1,2] 冯俊涛 何军[1,2] 吴华 马志卿[1,2] REN Jingjing;LIU Zhengyuan;WANG Yong;FENG Juntao;HE Jun;WU Hua;MA Zhiqing(College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering&Technology,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;Yuncheng Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Shanxi Province,Yuncheng 044000,Shanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省生物农药工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [3]山西省运城市农业农村局,山西运城044000

出　　处：《农药学学报》2022年第6期1456-1465,共10页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

基　　金：西安市农业科技创新工程计划项目(20193063YF051NS051);陕西省重点产业链项目(2020ZDLNY07-01).

摘　　要：草莓根腐病是陕西关中地区草莓生产中的主要病害之一。采用组织分离法对引起草莓根腐病的病原菌进行分离,通过形态学和分子生物学的方法鉴定其为茄腐镰刀菌Fusarium solani和尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum。采用菌丝生长速率法测定了4种植物源农药对上述两种镰刀菌的抑菌活性。结果表明,1.5%苦参•蛇床子素水剂(AS)对尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌活性最强,EC_(50)值为2.7μg/mL,0.3%苦参碱乳油(EC)对茄腐镰刀菌的抑菌活性最强,EC_(50)值为4.5μg/mL。选择室内抑菌活性较高的3种植物源杀菌剂和3种微生物菌剂(枯草芽孢杆菌、多粘类芽孢杆菌和哈茨木霉菌)为供试药剂进行田间试验,发现1000亿芽孢/g枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂(WP)600倍液对草莓根腐病的防治效果最好,达69.25%,10亿芽孢/g多粘类芽孢杆菌WP 800倍液、1.5%苦参•蛇床子素AS 700倍液、2亿芽孢/g哈茨木霉菌WP 200倍液防治效果分别为63.14%、62.84%和59.74%。因此推荐使用枯草芽孢杆菌WP、多粘类芽孢杆菌WP、苦参·蛇床子素AS和哈茨木霉菌WP作为草莓根腐病的田间防治药剂。Strawberry root rot is one of the main diseases of strawberry in Guanzhong,Shaanxi Province.In this report,the pathogen strains of strawberry root rot were isolated through tissue isolation method.And they were identified as Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum through morphological and molecular biological methods.The inhibitory activity of four plant derived fungicides against two Fusarium species was determined by mycelial growth rate test.Matrine+osthol 1.5%AS had the strongest inhibitory activity to F.oxysporum with EC_(50) value of 2.7μg/mL,while matrine 0.3%EC had the strongest inhibitory activity to F.solani with EC_(50) value of 4.5μg/mL.Three plant derived fungicides and three microbial fungicides(Bacillus subtilis,Bacillus polymyxa and Trichoderma harzianum)were selected for field test against strawberry root rot.The 600 times dilution of B.subtilis 100 billion spores/g WP had the best control efficacy against strawberry root rot,up to 69.25%.The control efficacy of 800 times dilution of B.polymyxa 1 billion spores/g WP,700 times dilution of matrine+osthol 1.5%AS and 200 times dilution of T.harzianum 200 million spores/g WP were 63.14%,62.84%and 59.74%,respectively.Therefore,B.subtilis WP,B.polymyxa WP,matrine+osthol AS and T.harzianum WP are recommended as field control agents for strawberry root rot.

关 键 词：生物源农药 草莓根腐病 病原菌分离鉴定 抑菌活性 田间防治效果 

分 类 号：S482.7[农业科学—农药学] TQ458[农业科学—植物保护]