低流行状态下老年麻风患者的临床和流行病学特征研究  

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of elderly leprosy patients in low prevalence of leprosy

作　　者：李鸽 张宇晨 宋运龙[1] 张虹 王耀斐[1] 王冠 LI Ge;ZHANG Yuchen;SONG Yunlong;ZHANG Hong;WANG Yaofei;WANG Guan(Shaanxi Provincial Institute for Endemic Disease Control,Xi an 710003,China;Shaanxi Provincial Institute for Skin Disease and STD Control,Xi an 710003,China;School of Public Health,Xi an Jiaotong University Health Science Center,Xi an 710061,China;Shaanxi Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省地方病防治研究所,西安710003 [2]陕西省皮肤性病防治所,西安710003 [3]西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院,西安710061 [4]陕西省疾病预防控制中心,西安710054

出　　处：《中国麻风皮肤病杂志》2023年第2期82-85,共4页China Journal of Leprosy and Skin Diseases

基　　金：陕西省卫生健康科研基金项目(编号:2022E007)。

摘　　要：目的:了解陕西省老年麻风患者临床和流行病特征。方法:通过中国麻风管理信息系统(LEPMIS),对陕西省2004年1月至2022年1月收治的麻风患者进行回顾性描述性研究。结果:2004年1月至2022年1月期间,该地区共收治新发麻风病例323例,其中54例(16.7%)≥60岁,平均年龄为67.0岁,77.8%为男性;96.3%为低收入人群,57.4%文化程度低下(文盲或半文盲),79.6%有婚史,29.6%为家内传染。70.4%查菌结果为阳性,其中多菌型比例高达83.3%。虽然确诊时存在严重皮损(皮损>5块)的患者比例高达75.9%,存在严重神经损害(神经≥2条损害)的比例高达68.5%,二级畸残的比例高达53.7%,但83.3%的患者确诊时无明显的麻风反应。结论:本地区老年麻风患者伴随严重的皮肤、神经损害及畸残风险,提示在此人群中可能存在较长的诊断延迟期。Objective:To investigate the epidemic and clinical features of leprosy cases among the elderly population reported in Shaanxi Province.Methods:Descriptive analysis of data of leprosy patients in Shaanxi Province from January 2004 to January 2022 through LEPMIS were performed.Results:323 new leprosy cases were found,of which 54 cases(16.7%)were elderly patients(over 60 years old),with an average age of 67.0 years old.Among these elderly patients,77.8%were males,96.3%of the elderly patients were low-income population,57.4%had low education level(illiterate or semi-illiterate),79.6%had marriage history,and 29.6%were infected at home,70.4%were positive for bacteria,with the proportion of multi-bacteria type as high as 83.3%.Although the proportion of serious skin lesions(skin lesions>5)was as high as 75.9%,the proportion of serious nerve lesions(nerves≥2 lesions)was as high as 68.5%,and the proportion of secondary deformity was as high as 53.7%,there were still 83.3%had no leper reaction.Conclusion:The elderly patients with leprosy have more serious skin and nerve damage,and at the same time,and the high risk of disability,which suggests that there may be a long delay in diagnosis in this population.

关 键 词：麻风 老年 流行病学 

分 类 号：R755[医药卫生—皮肤病学与性病学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]