复杂断块油田小微地质体地震识别与应用  

Seismic Identification and Application of Small and Micro Geological Bodies in Complex Fault Block Oilfields

作　　者：周宗良[1] 夏国朝[1] 张会卿[1] 张凡磊[1] 计璐璐 Zhou Zongliang;Xia Guochao;Zhang Huiqing;Zhang Fanlei;Ji Lulu(Exploration&Development Research Institute,PetroChina Dagang Oilfield,Tianjin 300280,China;State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China;College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大港油田勘探开发研究院,天津300280 [2]中国石油大学油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京102249 [3]中国石油大学地球科学学院,北京102249

出　　处：《工程地球物理学报》2022年第6期782-790,共9页Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics

基　　金：中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技专项(编号:2018E-11)。

摘　　要：针对复杂断块油田断层发育、构造破碎、油藏复杂的特点,特别是油田开发进入高含水开发中后期,准确表征“小尺度”地质体成为复杂断块老油田剩余油高效挖潜的关键。本文提出小微地质体的概念及主要构成要素,重点分析了低级序断层的地震识别方法与微构造的类型及成因机制。通过高分辨率地震资料的精细构造解释与研究,形成了多地球物理手段相融合的低级序断层识别方法,以有效表征断距10 m以下断层的几何形态、组合关系;提出油层微构造可分为正向、负向、斜面微构造3类,其中正向微构造容易形成剩余油富集区,进一步按构造形态分为8种类型。通过微构造的构造形态、组合关系精细描述与成因机制分析,指出低级序断层对开发中后期剩余油分布起着重要的控制作用。In view of the characteristics with developed faults,fractured structures and complex reservoirs in complex fault block oilfields,especially in the middle and late stages of high water-cut development,accurate characterization of“small-scale”geological bodies has become the key to efficiently tapping residual oil in complex fault block old oilfields.In this paper,the concept and main components of small and micro geological bodies are proposed,and the seismic identification method of low-grade faults and the types and genetic mechanisms of microstructures are emphatically analyzed.Through the fine structural interpretation and research of high-resolution seismic data,the low-grade faults identification method that integrates multiple geophysical methods has been formed to effectively characterize the geometric shape and combination of faults with a fault displacement of less than 10m.It is proposed that the reservoir microstructures can be classified into three types:positive,negative and sloping microstructures,among which,positive microstructures are easy to form residual oil enrichment areas,and are further divided into 8 types according to the structural form.Through the detailed description of the structure shape,combination relationship and genetic mechanism analysis of microstructures,it is pointed out that low-grade faults play an important role in controlling the distribution of residual oil in the middle and late stages of development.

关 键 词：小微地质体 低级序断层 微构造 断-砂控藏 复杂断块 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]