成年心智障碍者公共监护制度:理论阐释与路径探析  

Public Guardianship System for Adults with Cognitive Impairment:Theoretical Explanation and Path Probing

作　　者：张一博 ZHANG Yi-bo

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院,成都610207

出　　处：《残疾人研究》2022年第4期11-21,共11页Disability Research

摘　　要：成年心智障碍者系社会弱势群体,当其无家庭监护人或意定监护人时,容易陷入生存困境。西方福利国家为此类群体创设了公共监护制度,由公共官员或公共机构承担监护责任。该制度通过国家干预和法律强制来调整原属于私法领域的监护关系,保护社会弱势群体的利益,理应属于社会法的理论范畴。我国《民法典》已搭建起公共监护制度的宏观框架,当务之急是确立该制度的具体适用规范。为完善制度建设,亟须划定公共监护人的适格范围,确定公共监护启动的前提与程序,明确公共监护人和公共监护执行机构的监护职责,完善公共监护监督人的选任制度并细化其监督职责,厘清公共监护人履行职责不力时的法律责任。Adults with cognitive impairment are socially disadvantaged groups.When they are in absence of family guardians or voluntary guardians,the state and society should bear the responsibility of public guardianship based on the instructions of human rights concepts,the guidance of social justice theory,and the requirements of state responsibility in a risky society.Public guardianship refers to the appointment and responsibility of public officials or public sectors who serves as public guardians in western welfare states.China has already had the basic framework of the public guardianship system under the Civil Code,but it lacks specific applicable regulations.In order to improve the public guardianship systems,it is urgent to identify the positioning of different categories of public guardians and their specific starting procedures,refine the guardianship duties of public guardians and public guardianship enforcement agencies,establish the leading role of the court in public guardianship supervision,and specify its supervisory duties in detail,clarify the legal liability of the public guardian for failing to perform or improperly performing guardianship duties and the damage caused by the ward to a third party.

关 键 词：成年心智障碍者 公共监护 国家监护 社会监护 社会法 

分 类 号：G212.2[文化科学—新闻学]