免疫荧光法应用于小儿上呼吸道感染微生物快速检验中的效果分析  

Analysis of the effect of immunofluorescence method in the rapid detection of microorganisms in children with upper respiratory tract infection

作　　者：李革 余怡如 陈放 LI Ge;YU Yi-ru;CHEN Fang(Department of Pediatrics,Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430030,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院儿科,430030

出　　处：《中国实用医药》2022年第24期94-97,共4页China Practical Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨在小儿上呼吸道感染微生物快速检验中免疫荧光法的应用效果。方法400例上呼吸道感染患儿,取鼻咽分泌物做样本,采取免疫荧光法进行快速检验,分析病毒抗原阳性检出情况、病毒类型和年龄、季节分布特点。结果400例患儿中345例检出病毒抗原阳性,阳性检出率为86.25%。345例病毒抗原检出阳性患儿中,195例为流感病毒,占比56.52%,65例为腺病毒,占比18.84%;34例为呼吸道合胞病毒,占比9.86%;25例为副流感病毒,占比7.25%;12例为肠道病毒,占比3.48%;间质肺病毒和其他各7例,占比2.03%,其中占比最高的为流感病毒,明显高于其他类型病毒。345例病毒抗原检出阳性患儿中,1~6个月、7~12个月、13~24个月和>24个月患儿占比分别为46.38%、27.54%、14.49%和11.59%,其中1~6个月患儿占比明显高于其他年龄段。小儿上呼吸道病毒感染呈现出季节性特点,病毒感染主要集中于春冬季,夏秋季少发,其中流感病毒主要集中在冬季,副流感病毒集中在春季。结论采用免疫荧光法进行微生物快速检验可以快速检出上呼吸道感染患儿的病毒病原阳性,同时还能对患儿的感染病毒类型进行有效鉴别,对于患儿的临床诊断和治疗具有重要的指导意义。Objective To discuss the practical effect of immunofluorescence method in the rapid detection of microorganisms in children with upper respiratory tract infection.Methods In 400 children with upper respiratory tract infections,nasopharyngeal secretions were sampled and immunofluorescence method was used for rapid testing to analyze the positive detection of viral antigens,virus types and age and seasonal distribution characteristics.Results Of the 400 children,345 cases were positive for viral antigens,with a positive detection rate of 86.25%.Among the 345 positive viral antigens,195 cases were influenza viruses,accounting for 56.52%,65 cases were adenoviruses,accounting for 18.84%,34 cases were respiratory syncytial viruses,accounting for 9.86%,25 cases were parainfluenza viruses,accounting for 7.25%,12 cases were enteroviruses,accounting for 3.48%,and 7 cases each were interstitial pulmonary virus and other viruses,accounting for 2.03%,of which influenza virus accounted for the highest proportion,which was significantly higher than other types of viruses.Among the 345 children with positive viral antigen,46.38%,27.54%,14.49%and 11.59%were aged 1-6 months,7-12 months,13-24 months and>24 months,respectively,with the proportion of children aged 1-6 months being significantly higher than that of other age groups.The upper respiratory tract virus infection in children shows seasonal characteristics,with viral infections mainly concentrated in spring and winter and less frequent in summer and fall,with influenza viruses mainly concentrated in winter and parainfluenza viruses concentrated in spring.Conclusion The rapid microbial testing by immunofluorescence method can quickly detect the positive viral pathogens in children with upper respiratory tract infection,and at the same time can effectively identify the types of infected viruses in children,which has important guiding significance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of children.

关 键 词：小儿上呼吸道感染 免疫荧光法 病毒 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科] R446.5[医药卫生—临床医学]