增殖放流鱼苗野化训练装置设计与试验  

Design and experiment of feralization training device forenhancement and releasing fry

作　　者：胡庆松[1] 王熠 祖西龙 陈雷雷[1] 李俊[1] HU Qingsong;WANG Yi;ZU Xilong;CHEN Leilei;LI Jun(College of Engineering Science and Technology,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学工程学院,上海201306

出　　处：《渔业现代化》2022年第6期7-16,共10页Fishery Modernization

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0901303);上海市水产动物良种创制与绿色养殖协同创新中心(2021科技02-12)。

摘　　要：为提高海洋牧场增殖放流苗种的适应性和放流存活率,设计了一种增殖放流鱼苗野化训练装置,并以条石鲷为研究对象开展了装置的应用试验。根据躲避敌害与捕食活饵的训练需求,结合鱼苗与敌害的体型差异,选用2.5 cm和3.3 cm两种孔径的格栅作为避敌格栅;为了减少仓门开闭过程中对鱼苗和活饵的影响,仓门的运动幅度不宜过快过大,设定活饵仓门的最大开门角度为45°、时间为5 min,选用0.6 r/min的电机作为仓门驱动电机。结果显示:采用成年黑鲷等大型鱼类作为敌害进行避敌训练时,条石鲷鱼苗能够利用野化训练装置躲避敌害;利用脊尾白虾等活饵进行捕食训练时,条石鲷鱼苗经历了从认知食物到积极分食两个阶段,捕食能力提升过程明显。结合现场观察并通过基本生长指标和鱼苗死亡情况的对比,可以分析出野化池鱼苗相对于对照池鱼苗,摄食积极,攻击性强。研究表明,在选定的野化训练模式下,可在一定程度上实现条石鲷鱼苗行为特征的改善,同时验证了增殖放流鱼苗野化训练装置的可行性。To improve the adaptability and survival rate of enhancement and releasing fry in marine ranching,a feralization training device for enhancement and releasing fry was designed,and the application experiment of the device was carried out with Oplegnathus fasciatus as the research object.According to the training needs of enemy avoidance and predating live bait,the body shape differences between the trained fry and the enemy fish were analyzed and the grilles with two apertures of 2.5 cm and 3.3 cm were selected as the enemy avoidance grilles.To reduce the impact on the fry and live bait during the opening and closing of the warehouse door,the movement range of the warehouse door should not be too fast and too large.Set the maximum opening angle of the live bait warehouse door as 45°and the time as 5 min,and select the motor of 0.6 r/min as the driving motor of the warehouse door.The experiment results show that the fry can gradually make full use of the feralization training device to avoid enemies when large fish such as adult Acanthopagrus schlegelii were used for enemy avoidance training.And when live bait such as Exopalaemon carinicauda was used for predation training,the fry experienced two stages from recognizing food to actively dividing food,and the process of improving predation ability was obvious.Combined with the field observation and through the comparison of basic growth index and fry death situation,it can be analyzed that compared with the control pond fish fry,wild pond fish are active in feeding,lively behavior,and strong aggression.The research showed that the behavior characteristics of Sparus macrocephalus fry could be improved to some extent under the selected wild training mode,and the feasibility of the feralization training device for enhancement and releasing fry was verified.

关 键 词：增殖放流鱼苗 野化训练装置 捕食活饵 躲避敌害 

分 类 号：S237[农业科学—农业机械化工程]