虹吸式吸鱼泵的水动力学特性研究  

Research on hydrodynamic characteristics of siphon fish pump

作　　者：田昌凤[1,3] 吴凡[1] 车轩[1,2] 刘兴国[1,2] 张俊 陈晓龙[1] TIAN Changfeng;WU Fan;CHE Xuan;LIU Xingguo;ZHANG Jun;CHEN Xiaolong(Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200092,China;Key Laboratory of Fishery Equipment and Engineering,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 200092,China;College of Engineering Science and Technology,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所,上海200092 [2]农业农村部渔业装备与工程技术重点试验室,上海200092 [3]上海海洋大学工程学院,上海201306

出　　处：《渔业现代化》2022年第6期49-56,共8页Fishery Modernization

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系国家大宗淡水鱼产业技术体系(CARS-45)。

摘　　要：针对国内吸鱼泵产品匮乏、研发周期长等问题,以现有的一种虹吸式吸鱼泵为研究对象,应用计算流体动力学(CFD)数值计算模拟了3种不同进水速度下(1 m/s、1.5 m/s、2 m/s)吸鱼泵内的三维水流场,得到了其内部流动特性,包括速度分布、涡流黏度、压力分布等,同时结合试验测试结果验证数值计算的有效性。结果显示:随着进口速度的增加,压强、流速都呈现增大的趋势,且压强最大处主要集中在吸鱼泵出口侧上端,该处会对鱼体产生一定的冲击,此外来流撞到吸鱼泵壁面后形成回流,回流落点处也容易对鱼体产生二次损伤;当进口速度为1 m/s时,吸鱼泵底部壁面的流速模拟值为0.13 m/s,试验值为0.15 m/s,吸鱼泵样机试验结果和数值模结果相差约为13.3%,验证了计算结果的有效性。该研究为吸鱼泵后续的研发和设计提供了重要依据和参考。To solve the problems of lack of domestic fish pump products,long development cycle,and so on,taking the existing siphon fish pump as the research object,the CFD numerical calculation method was used to simulate the three-dimensional flow field in the fish pump under three different influent speeds(1 m/s,1.5 m/s,2 m/s),and the internal flow characteristics including velocity distribution,eddy viscosity,and pressure distribution were obtained.At the same time,the validity of the numerical calculation was verified by the experimental results.The results show that the pressure and flow velocity show an increasing trend with the increase of the inlet velocity,and the maximum pressure is mainly concentrated at the upper end of the outlet side of the fish suction pump,which will have a certain impact on the fish.In addition,the incoming flow collides with the wall of the fish suction pump to form reflux,and the reflux landing point is also prone to secondary damage to the fish.When the inlet velocity is 1 m/s,the velocity of the bottom wall of the suction pump is 0.13 m/s,and the experimental value is 0.15 m/s.The difference between the experimental results and the numerical simulation results is about 13.3%,which verifies the effectiveness of the calculation results.The research results provide an important basis and reference for the subsequent research and design of the fish suction pump.

关 键 词：虹吸式 吸鱼泵 数值计算 水动力学 捕捞 

分 类 号：S238[农业科学—农业机械化工程]