中低速磁浮道岔处车轨耦合振动抑制方法研究  

Research on vehicle-rail coupling vibration at turnout and suppression method of medium and low speed maglev vehicle

作　　者：侯龙刚 梁树林[1] 池茂儒[1] HOU Longgang;LIANG Shulin;CHI Maoru(State Key Laboratory of Traction Power,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031

出　　处：《机车电传动》2022年第5期49-55,共7页Electric Drive for Locomotives

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFB1201701)。

摘　　要：在中低速磁浮车轨耦合系统中,道岔作为磁浮车辆运行换线的重要组成部分,其主梁多采用模态频率和阻尼相对较低的辐板或箱型钢梁结构。当磁浮车辆以一定速度通过道岔时,易与道岔发生耦合振动,影响车辆的运行平稳性和行车安全。为此,文章以长沙中低速磁浮车辆为原型,建立了“磁浮车辆-道岔梁”耦合系统模型,通过研究耦合系统的磁轨相互作用关系和振动控制方法,分析了“磁浮车辆-道岔梁”耦合系统的振动响应和影响因素,提出了一种基于动力吸振的调谐质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper,TMD),并论证了其对“磁浮车辆-道岔梁”耦合系统振动响应抑制的有效性。研究结果表明,控制系统反馈系数可不同程度地改变耦合系统的磁轨相互作用关系,其中间隙反馈系数和速度反馈系数影响作用明显;同时,车速对车体和道岔主动梁振动响应影响显著,尤其是当中低速磁浮车辆以40 km/h以下的速度通过变截面道岔钢梁时。在磁浮车辆运行过程中,道岔梁的低阶模态更容易被激发,是导致“磁浮车辆-道岔”耦合系统发生共振的关键因素。调谐质量阻尼器装置的原理是通过增减装置配重块质量,将TMD装置振动频率调整至道岔梁主结构振动耦合频率附近,利用动力吸振的方式改变道岔梁的共振特性,进而达到抑制道岔梁耦合振动的效果。文章通过对比分析表明,TMD控制器对改善“磁浮车辆-道岔”耦合系统稳定性效果明显,是一种有效的耦合振动控制措施。In the medium and low speed maglev vehicle-rail coupling system,the turnout is an important part of the line change of the maglev vehicle,and its main beam mostly adopts the web or box-shaped steel beam structure with relatively low modal frequency and damping.When the maglev vehicle passes the turnout at a certain speed,it is easy to couple vibration with it,which affects the running stability and driving safety of the vehicle.For this reason,this paper took Changsha medium and low speed maglev vehicle as a prototype,established a maglev vehicle-turnout beam coupling system model,and analyzed the vibration response of the maglev vehicleturnout beam coupling system by studying the magnetic-rail interaction relationship and vibration control method of the coupling system.In addition,a tuned mass damper(TMD)based on dynamic vibration absorption was proposed,and its effectiveness in suppressing the vibration response of a maglev vehicle-turnout beam coupling system was demonstrated.The research results show that the feedback coefficient of the control system can change the magnetic-rail interaction relationship of the coupled system to different degrees,and the gap feedback coefficient and the velocity feedback coefficient have obvious effects.The speed of the vehicle has a significant effect on the vibration response of the vehicle body and the active beam of the turnout,the medium and low speed maglev vehicles are more sensitive to the speed within 40 km/h when passing through the steel beam of the variable cross-section switch.During the operation of the maglev vehicle,the lower modes of the turnout beam are more easily excited,which is the key factor that causes the resonance of the maglev vehicle-turnout coupling system.The principle of tuning the mass damper device is to adjust the vibration frequency of the TMD device to the vicinity of the vibration coupling frequency of the main structure of the switch beam by increasing or decreasing the weight of the device,and to change the resonance characteristics of t

关 键 词：中低速磁浮 耦合振动 变截面道岔梁 TMD控制 悬浮稳定性 城市轨道交通 

分 类 号：U237[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]