添加螯合剂对磷酸二铵溶解、固定及转化的影响  

Effects of Chelating Agent on Dissolution,Fixation and Fertisphere Transformation of Diammonium Phosphate

作　　者：董泽宽 张水勤 李燕婷[2] 高强[1] 赵秉强[2] 袁亮 DONG ZeKuan;ZHANG ShuiQin;LI YanTing;GAO Qiang;ZHAO BingQiang;YUAN Liang(College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2022年第21期4225-4236,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03);十三五国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200402)。

摘　　要：【目的】促进磷肥溶解、减少磷素固定是提高磷肥利用率的重要途径。本研究通过向磷酸二铵中添加羟基乙叉二膦酸和葡萄糖酸钠制备磷肥试验产品,研究其溶解和防固定性能及磷素肥际转化特征,为磷肥高效利用提供依据。【方法】选择羟基乙叉二膦酸(HEDP)和葡萄糖酸钠(SG)两种螯合剂,分别按0、0.5%、1%、3%、5%的添加比例与粉状磷酸二铵混匀并挤压造粒,制备出普通磷酸二铵(P)、HEDP_(0.5%)+P、HEDP_(1%)+P、HEDP_(3%)+P、HEDP_(5%)+P、SG_(0.5%)+P、SG_(1%)+P、SG_(3%)+P和SG_(5%)+P等9种颗粒磷酸二铵试验产品。分别采用水溶出率法和CaCl_(2)沉淀法分析比较不同磷酸二铵试验产品的水溶性磷的溶解速率和固定率,并利用土壤培养法研究其肥际移动和转化特征。【结果】(1)添加HEDP和SG的磷酸二铵平均溶解速率较普通磷酸二铵分别提高27.7%和20.0%;HEDP和SG在5%和0.5%添加量时溶解速率最高,分别达5.1%·min^(-1)和4.8%·min^(-1),溶解15 min的溶出率分别为76.6%和72.6%,较普通磷酸二铵提高39.2%和32.6%。(2)添加HEDP和SG,磷酸二铵中水溶性磷固定率分别降低10.3%和6.6%,与普通磷酸二铵相比,HEDP和SG添加量分别为5%和3%时水溶性磷固定率最低,分别为58.1%和61.3%,较普通磷酸二铵降低17.0%和11.8%。(3)HEDP+P和SG+P处理肥际土壤有效磷含量较普通磷酸二铵分别显著提高39.5%和21.2%,以HEDP+P肥际土壤有效磷含量更高。HEDP和SG添加量均在3%时肥际微域有效磷含量最高,分别为2.9和2.5 g·kg^(-1),较普通磷酸二铵提高53.3%和31.9%。(4)HEDP+P和SG+P处理肥际微域Ca_(2)-P含量较普通磷酸二铵分别提高38.2%和43.0%,均在螯合剂添加量为3%时最高;在施肥层上下5 mm肥际微域范围内,HEDP+P和SG+P的处理Ca_(8)-P含量较P处理分别降低33.6%和14.5%,HEDP和SG添加量分别在0.5%和3%时肥际微域Ca_(8)-P含量最低,分别为0.9和1.5 g·kg^(-1),较P处理分别降低53.4%和25.8%。(5)�【Objective】Promoting the dissolution of phosphate fertilizer and reducing its fixation are important ways to ensure the phosphate supply and to improve the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer.In this study,the test products of phosphate fertilizer by adding hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid(HEDP)and sodium gluconate(SG)into diammonium phosphate were prepared to investigate its dissolution,anti-fixation and fertisphere transformation characteristics,so as to provide a theoretical and technical basis for the efficient utilization of phosphate fertilizer.【Method】HEDP and SG were physically mixed with powdered diammonium phosphate at the addition ratio of 0,0.5%,1%,3%and 5%,respectively,and the extrusion granulation was used to obtain the nine granular diammonium phosphate test products,specifically,common diammonium phosphate(P),HEDP_(0.5%)+P,HEDP_(1%)+P,HEDP_(3%)+P,HEDP_(95%)+P,SG_(0.5%)+P,SG_(1%)+P,SG_(3%)+P,and SG_(5%)+P.The dissolution rate and fixation rate of water-soluble phosphorus in different diammonium phosphate particles were analyzed and compared by using water dissolution rate method and CaCl_(2) precipitation method,respectively.A soil cultivation was conducted to investigate the transformation characteristics of diammonium phosphate in the fertisphere.【Result】(1)Adding HEDP and SG increased the dissolution rate of diammonium phosphate on average by 27.7%and 20.0%,respectively.When HEDP and SG were added at 5%and 0.5%,the dissolution rates were 5.1%·min^(-1) and 4.8%·min^(-1),respectively,higher than other additive rate,and also higher than P by 39.2%and 32.6%,respectively.(2)When HEDP and SG were added,the fixation rates of water-soluble phosphorus in diammonium phosphate decreased by 10.3%and 6.6%,respectively.When the additive rate of chelating agent was at 5%and 3%,the fixation rate of water-soluble phosphorus was lower than P by 58.1%and 61.3%for HEDP,17.0%and 11.8%for SG,respectively.(3)The content of available phosphorus in the fertisphere soil treated with HEDP+P and SG+P

关 键 词：磷酸二铵 羟基乙叉二膦酸 葡萄糖酸钠 溶解 固定 肥际 磷形态 

分 类 号：TQ442[化学工程—化学肥料工业]