生物炭对不同穗型粳稻氮肥利用率的影响  

Effect of biochar on nitrogen use efficiency of different panicle type japonica rice

作　　者：崔月峰[1] 王健[1] 王桂艳[1] 蒋昆炜 黄文佳[1] 卢铁钢[1] 孙国才[1] CUI Yue-feng;WANG Jian;WANG Gui-yan;JIANG Kun-wei;HUANG Wen-jia;LU Tie-gang;SUN Guo-cai(Tieling Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Tieling 112616,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]铁岭市农业科学院,辽宁铁岭112616

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2022年第19期11-14,共4页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：辽宁省博士科研启动基金计划项目(2019-BS-237);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-56)。

摘　　要：以北粳1号和铁粳11作为试验材料,研究每公顷施用7.5、15.0 t生物炭对2种穗型粳稻(Oryza sativa L.subsp.japonica)氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,与常规施肥相比,施用7.5 t/hm^(2)生物炭对北粳1号和铁粳11在成熟期时叶、茎、穗的含氮量和吸氮量无显著影响,增施到15.0 t/hm^(2)时,北粳1号的叶吸氮量和铁粳11的穗吸氮量提高,导致植株总吸氮量分别显著增加4.2%和6.8%。施用7.5 t/hm^(2)生物炭时北粳1号氮素收获指数、氮素生理利用率无明显改变,但氮素回收率、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力分别显著增加8.1%、18.0%和6.5%,而铁粳11只有氮素回收率显著增加9.6%;增施到15.0 t/hm^(2)时,北粳1号的氮素回收率、氮素生理利用率、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力分别显著增加9.0%、20.7%、31.1%和11.2%,铁粳11的氮素回收率、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力分别显著增加13.3%、20.1%和7.4%,氮素生理利用率没有显著变化。施用生物炭能提高粳稻的氮肥利用率,半直立穗型品种铁粳11要施用高于直立穗型品种北粳1号的生物炭量才能实现氮素吸收利用体系的全面优化。The effects of 7.5 and 15.0 t biochar per hectare on nitrogen use efficiency of two kinds of panicle type japonica rice(Oryza sativa L.subsp.japonica)were studied by using Beijing 1 and Tiejing 11 as experimental materials.The results showed that the application of 7.5 t/hm^(2)biochar had no significant effect on the nitrogen content and nitrogen uptake of leaves,stems and panicles of Beijing1 and Tiejing 11 at the maturity stage compared with conventional fertilization.When the application rate increased to 15.0 t/hm^(2),the nitrogen uptake of leaves of Beijing 1 and the nitrogen uptake of panicles of Tiejing 11 increased,resulting in a significant increase of4.2% and 6.8% in total nitrogen uptake of plants,respectively.When 7.5 t/hm^(2)biochar was applied,the nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen physiological utilization rate of Beijing 1 did not change significantly,but the nitrogen recovery rate,nitrogen agronomic utilization rate and nitrogen partial factor productivity increased significantly by 8.1%,18.0% and 6.5%,respectively,while only the nitrogen recovery rate of Tiejing 11 increased significantly by 9.6%.When applied to 15.0 t/hm^(2),the nitrogen recovery rate,nitrogen physiological utilization rate,nitrogen agronomic utilization rate and nitrogen partial factor productivity of Beijing 1 increased by 9.0%,20.7%,31.1% and 11.2%,respectively.The nitrogen recovery rate,nitrogen agronomic utilization rate and nitrogen partial factor productivity of Tiejing 11 increased by 13.3%,20.1% and 7.4%,respectively,there was no significant change in the nitrogen physiological utilization rate.The application of biochar can improve the nitrogen use efficiency of japonica rice.The semi-erect panicle variety Tiejing 11 needs to apply more biochar than the erect panicle variety Beijing 1 to achieve a comprehensive optimization of the nitrogen absorption and utilization system.

关 键 词：生物炭 穗型 粳稻(Oryza sativa L.subsp.japonica) 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能]