沼肥施用量对上海青产量及土壤理化特性的影响  

Effects of Biogas Fertilizer Application Rate on Shanghai Cabbage Yield and Soil Physicochemical Properties

作　　者：金柯达 王绍轩 胡宝娥 贾世江 万小春 王媛媛[1] 艾平[1] 王海 JIN Keda;WANG Shaoxuan;HU Baoe;JIA Shijiang;WAN Xiaochun;WANG Yuanyuan;AI Ping;WANG Hai(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Hanchuan Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Hubei Province,Hanchuan 432300,China;Rural Energy and Environment Agency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]湖北省汉川市农业农村局,湖北汉川432300 [3]农业农村部农业生态与资源保护总站,北京100125

出　　处：《中国沼气》2022年第6期50-56,共7页China Biogas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51406064);中国高校基本科研业务费专项(2662019PY064)。

摘　　要：为研究沼肥替代化肥的应用潜力,探究沼肥的合理施用量,评估其作为肥料的质量和安全风险,对不同沼肥量施用梯度的上海青进行大棚栽培试验,研究了不同沼肥施用量对上海青产量、品质以及土壤质量的影响并进行风险评估。结果表明,合理施用沼肥可以有效提高上海青产量及品质,各试验组中,BF-170组(TN=170 kg·hm^(-2))产量最高,达到46.5 t·hm^(-2),其产量比空白组和化肥组分别提高了48.1%和28.1%。不同梯度沼肥施用后上海青可食用部中重金属含量未明显增加,短期内不同梯度沼肥施用对上海青产量和品质没有负面影响,但过量施用沼肥时BF-340组TN=340 kg·hm^(-2),BF-680组TN=680 kg·hm^(-2)存在养分尤其是氮素的高量损失。与化肥相比,合理的沼肥施用对改善土壤理化性质有明显的效果,沼肥施用后土壤重金属含量多数实验组(除BF-340组的TN=340 kg·hm^(-2)外)都在规定的安全浓度限值以内。短期过量施用沼肥并未造成上海青重金属超标,未出现安全风险,且对土壤重金属污染的风险较低。In order to study the application potential of biogas fertilizer as a substitute for chemical fertilizer,explore the reasonable application amount of biogas fertilizer,and evaluate the quality and safety risks of biogas fertilizer as a fertilizer,this paper carried out a greenhouse planting experiment of Shanghai cabbage,studied the impact of different application amount of biogas fertilizer on the yield,quality and soil quality of Shanghai cabbage,and carried out a risk assessment of biogas fertilizer used in facilities planting of Shanghai cabbage.The results showed that reasonable application of biogas fertilizer could effectively improve the yield and quality of Shanghai cabbage.Among the experimental groups,the yield of BF-170 group withTN=170 kg·hm^(-2) was the highest,reaching 46.5 t·hm^(-2),which was 48.1%and 28.1%higher than that of the blank group and chemical fertilizer group respectively.The content of heavy metals in edible parts of Shanghai cabbage did not increase significantly after the application of biogas fertilizer with different gradients,thus there was no safety risk in short period.Excessive application of biogas fertilizer had a high loss of nutrients BF-340 group with TN=340 kg·hm^(-2),BF-680group TN=680 kg·hm^(-2),especially nitrogen.Compared with chemical fertilizer,reasonable application of biogas fertilizer had a significant effect on improving the physical and chemical properties of soil.The results showed that the application gradient of biogas fertilizer had no negative impact on the yield and quality of Shanghai cabbage crops.The excessive application of biogas fertilizer did not cause the phenomenon that heavy metals in agricultural products exceeded the standard in the short term.After the application of biogas fertilizer,the content of heavy metals in the soil was basically within the specified concentration limit(except BF-340 group with TN=340 kg·hm^(-2)),and the risk of biogas fertilizer pollution to soil heavy metals in the short term was low.

关 键 词：沼肥 风险评估 重金属 农产品品质 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S5[农业科学—农业工程]