沼液水肥一体机及其适宜灌溉浓度研究  

Study on Biogas Slurry Water-fertilizer Integrated Machine and Its Suitable Irrigation Concentration

作　　者：翟亚明[1] 陈理政 李育华 李玉玲 杨伟 林果 肖颖 钟凤林[6] 侯毛毛[6] ZHAI Ya-ming;CHEN Li-zheng;LI Yu-hua;LI Yu-ling;YANG Wei;LIN Guo;XIAO Yin;ZHONG Feng-lin;HOU Mao-mao(College of Agricultural Science and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Water Conservancy Bureau of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,Jishou 416000,Hunan Province,China;Water Affairs Bureau of Jiangning District,Nanjing 211100,China;Water Conservancy Bureau of Xuanzhou District,Xuancheng 242000,Anhui Province,China;Fujian Dafeng Harvest Irrigation Technology Co.,Ltd.,Fuzhou 350000,China;College of Horticulture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350000,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学农业科学与工程学院,南京210098 [2]湘西土家族苗族自治州水利局,湖南吉首416000 [3]江宁区水务局,南京211100 [4]宣州区水利局,安徽宣城242000 [5]福建大丰收灌溉科技有限公司,福州350000 [6]福建农林大学园艺学院,福州350000

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2022年第12期31-36,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：福建农林大学“绿色土木水利”交叉融合项目(000-71202103D);2021年福建省创新战略研究科协联合项目“乡村振兴战略下福建省智慧农业科技成果转化路径与高科技产业集群打造研究”(2021R0152)。

摘　　要：为解决目前沼液机兼容性差、集成度低、沼液灌溉浓度不合理等问题,设计了一种集成型沼液水肥一体机,并以白菜为试验材料,在6个不同沼液浓度即0%(CK)、20%(T20)、40%(T40)、60%(T60)、80%(T80)、100%(T100)下比较土壤速效养分、白菜产量品质的差异,优选适宜沼液灌溉浓度。研究结果表明:集成式沼液水肥一体机具有整体性强、智能化水平高和适配性好的优点,基于沼液一体机进行沼液施用有利于增加土壤速效氮、磷、钾含量,且沼液浓度越大、增加幅度越明显,其中T100处理白菜收获后测得的土壤速效氮、磷、钾含量最高,分别为119.7、17.8和171.1 mg/kg;沼液灌溉处理中,以T80和T60产量处于较高水平,地上部分产量分别达到4710和69.9 t/hm~2,两者无显著(p>0.05)差异;沼液施用降低了白菜叶片硝酸盐含量,提升了Vc、可溶性糖含量,不同沼液处理以T60白菜综合品质最优;从产量、产值、品质等角度综合考虑,推荐60%为白菜适宜沼液灌溉浓度。In order to solve the problems of poor compatibility, low integration and unreasonable biogas slurry irrigation concentration, an integrated biogas slurry water-fertilizer machine was designed in this study, and cabbage was used as experimental materials. Under six different biogas slurry concentrations, namely 0%(CK), 20%(T20), 40%(T40), 60%(T60), 80%(T80) and 100%(T100), the differences of soil available nutrients and yield and quality of cabbage were compared, and the appropriate biogas slurry irrigation concentration was optimized. The results showed that the integrated biogas liquid water-fertilizer machine has the advantages of strong integrity, high intelligent level and good adaptability. Biogas liquid application based on the machine was beneficial to increase the content of soil available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium, and the greater concentration of biogas slurry led to more obvious increase. The content of soil available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium measured after cabbage harvest under T100 treatment was the highest, and were 119.7, 17.8 and 171.1 mg/kg respectively. Among the biogas slurry irrigation treatments, the yields of T80 and T60 were at a high level, and the aboveground yields reached 4710 and 69.9 t/hm~2 respectively, with no significant difference(p>0.05). The application of biogas slurry reduced the nitrate content of Chinese cabbage leaves and increased the content of Vc and soluble sugar. The comprehensive cabbage quality of T60 was the optimal.Considering the yield, output value and quality, 60% is recommended as the suitable biogas slurry irrigation concentration for Chinese cabbage.

关 键 词：沼液水肥一体机 沼液浓度 土壤速效养分 白菜 产量 品质 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程] S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]