新型气动自清洗网式过滤器清洗组件结构的设计与优化  

Structure Design Analysis and Optimization of the Cleaning Component of a New Pneumatic Cleaning Form of Screen Filter

作　　者：盛祥民 崔春亮 陈志卿 巴银蒙克 雷建花 赛衣旦 SHENG Xiang-min;CUI Chun-liang;CHEN Zhi-qing;Ba Yinmengke;LEI Jian-hua;SAI Yi-dan(Xinjiang Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Urumqi 830049,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆水利水电科学研究院,乌鲁木齐830049

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2022年第12期98-102,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技厅优秀青年科技人才培养项目(2019Q053);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01002)。

摘　　要：作为微灌工程中应用最广泛的过滤器之一的自清洗网式过滤器是保证微灌系统正常运行的核心设备,现状自清洗网式过滤器清洗多为水质清洗,新疆每年的灌溉期都有1~2个月的洪水期,泥沙含量较大,利用水质作为清洗动力源由于耗水量大无法实现长时间的连续清洗,而采用空气作为清洗动力源能够解决连续清洗耗水的问题。而随着水资源的短缺日益加剧,新型气动自清洗网式过滤器的开发将是一种新的发展方向。提出了一种新型气动自清洗网式过滤器清洗结构的设计与产品开发思想,并基于开源计算流体力学软件OpenFOAM,采用simpleFoam方法,通过计算得出的不同时间节点速度、压力分布图,分析发现10~31 s时间段内的压力分布和流速分布趋于稳定,在进口端的0~50 mm段靠近上下两侧边壁处形成固定压力涡流,中间的压力主要指向进口端,速度分布由中间向上下两侧呈现由大到小的趋势;50~80 mm段则出现压力分布较低的现象,速度分布由中间向上下两侧呈现变化不确定的情况;计算分析结果表明,初始模型结构在进口端5~50 mm段靠近上下两侧边壁处存在压力涡流现象。通过在进口端5~100 mm处增加了渐变段的优化设计,结构优化的计算消除了初始结构模型中存在压力旋涡和压力分布不均的问题,并确定该优化的结构参数即为本次清洗结构的设计参数。Self-cleaning screen filter,which is one of the most widely used equipment,is the key equipment to ensure the normal operation of micro-irrigation system.At present,most of the cleaning medium is water.The annual irrigation period has 1~2 months of flood period in Xinjiang,and the sediment content is large.Because of the water consumption,users refuse to wash continuously for a long time.The problem of water consumption for continuous cleaning can be solved by using pressurized air instead of water.With the increasing shortage of water resources,the development of the new pneumatic cleaning form of screen filter will be a new development direction.This paper puts forward an idea for the design and development of products that use air power for cleaning.Through calculations of different time node speed,pressure distribution,it is found that the pressure distribution and flow velocity distribution tend to be stable within 10~31 s.A fixed pressure vortex is formed near the upper and lower side walls of the 0~50 mm section on the inlet side,the pressure in the middle is mostly directed towards the inlet,and the distribution of velocity also shows a trend from large to small from the middle to the upper and lower sides.In the 50~80 mm section,the pressure distribution is low,and the velocity distribution is uncertain from the middle to the upper and lower sides.The computational analysis shows that the pressure vortex phenomenon exists in the initial model structure.On the 5 mm to 50 mm cross section near the upper and lower side walls,the pressure vortex phenomenon exists at the inlet end of the initial model structure.The problem of pressure vortex and pressure inequality is eliminated through the optimized design of the model and the structural parameters of this optimization are the optimal design parameters.

关 键 词：微灌自清洗网式过滤器 气动清洗 结构设计 速度分布 压力分布 结构优化 

分 类 号：S274.5[农业科学—农业水土工程]