无灌溉造林树种耗水特性的研究  

Study on Water Consumption Characteristics of Tree Species in Afforestation Without Irrigation

作　　者：谢发兵 米扛扛 宋于洋[2] XIE Fa-bing;MI Kang-kang;SONG Yu-yang(Xinjiang Manas Forestry and Grassland Technology Extension Center,Manas 832200,Xinjiang,China;College of Agriculture,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832061,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆玛纳斯县林业和草原技术推广中心,新疆玛纳斯832200 [2]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832061

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2022年第12期110-118,共9页Water Saving Irrigation

摘　　要：采用无灌溉造林的方法,依据水量平衡技术与Penman-Monteith方程,研究干旱地区造林树种沙棘、梭梭、紫穗槐和锦鸡儿的蒸腾耗水规律、林木需水量、林木系数及林木水分亏缺量。结果如下:4种灌木在生长期内的蒸腾速率皆为双峰型,沙棘、锦鸡儿和紫穗槐的峰值出现时间一致。梭梭的峰值出现在10∶30和16∶30左右。各树种阳坡的蒸腾速率>阴坡的蒸腾速率。4种灌木中紫穗槐的耗水量最大,阳坡与阴坡的耗水量分别为173.4 mm和134.86 mm,梭梭的耗水量最小。干旱地区各树种生长期内的林木系数有所不同,5月份的阴坡梭梭林木系数最小为0.16,7月份阳坡紫穗槐林木系数最大为1.33。紫穗槐的水分亏缺量最大、沙棘次之,梭梭水分亏缺最小。所以梭梭为最适树种,紫穗槐为干旱地区较难生存、生长的树种。Based on the water balance technology and Penman-Monteith equation,the transpiration water consumption law,water demand,tree coefficient and water deficit of tree species,including Hippophae rhamnoides,Haloxylon ammodendron,Amorpha fruticosa and Caragana fruticose,in arid areas were studied in this paper.The results are as follows:the transpiration rates of the four shrubs in the growth period are all bimodal,and the peak times of seabuckthorn,Caragana and Amorpha fruticosa are the same.The peak of Haloxylon ammodendron appears around 10∶30 and 16∶30.The transpiration rate of each tree species on the sunny slope is higher than that on the shady slope.Among the four shrubs,Amorpha fruticosa consumes the most water in its growing period,and the water consumption of sunny slope and shady slope is 173.4 mm and 134.86 mm,respectively.Haloxylon ammodendron consumes the least water.The tree coefficient of each tree species in the dry area is different during the growth period.The lowest tree coefficient of Ammodendron Ammodendron on the shady slope in May is 0.16,and the highest tree coefficient of Amorpha fruticosa on the sunny slope in July is 1.33.Amorpha fruticosa has the largest water deficit,followed by Hippophae rhamnoides,and Haloxylon Ammodendron has the smallest water deficit.So Haloxylon ammodendron is the most suitable tree species,and Amorpha fruticosa is a tree species that is difficult to survive and grow in arid areas.

关 键 词：无灌溉造林 蒸腾速率 林木耗水量 林木需水量 林木水分亏缺量 

分 类 号：S715.4[农业科学—林学]