圣城之争与空间博弈:1967年以来以色列对东耶路撒冷的犹太化改造运动  

The Battle of Holy City and Space Game:Israel’s Judaization Movement of East Jerusalem since 1967

作　　者：郝忠格 Hao Zhongge

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史学系

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2022年第6期94-124,159,160,共33页West Asia and Africa

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金重大项目“大数据时代地缘环境解析的理论与方法跨学科研究”(20&ZD138)子课题“多学科的交流互鉴与地缘环境新分析框架”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1967年第三次中东战争结束后,以色列将原属阿拉伯人的东耶路撒冷据为己有。以色列占领东耶路撒冷以来,通过控制阿拉伯人口与土地、建设犹太定居点、修筑隔离墙等措施,实施了对东耶路撒冷“去阿拉伯化”和“犹太化”的双重改造策略,是其实现“大耶路撒冷”构想的关键步骤。同时,以色列还将老城西墙、大卫城遗址以及街道等场所赋予了浓厚的犹太象征,来强化犹太人对耶路撒冷的集体记忆。近年来,以色列最高权力机构基于“既成事实生成合法性”原则,相继推出《耶路撒冷基本法》《大耶路撒冷法案》《耶路撒冷2050愿景》等立法与计划,以实现全方位犹太化战略。对此,东耶路撒冷阿拉伯居民采取了多种方式表示抗议,阿拉伯国家也拒绝承认东耶路撒冷的犹太属性,更多的国家和国际组织赞成在“两国方案”的框架下解决耶路撒冷问题。但由于以色列一贯强硬的领土政策和美国的偏袒,东耶路撒冷的犹太化改造运动仍在持续。东耶路撒冷的犹太化改造运动是以色列限制阿拉伯人生存空间和权利、促进自身占领“合法性”的过程,它严重侵犯了耶路撒冷阿拉伯居民的合法权益,造成了当地阿拉伯居民的生存困境,加剧了犹太人与阿拉伯人爆发矛盾和冲突的可能性,给以色列、中东地区乃至整个国际社会都带来了不稳定因素。Since modern times,the struggle for Jerusalem between the Jewish and Arab nations has lasted for a century.After the end of the third Middle East War in1967,Israel occupied East Jerusalem,which was originally Arab territory.Since the occupation of East Jerusalem,Israel has adopted a variety of measures,including the restriction of Arab population and land,the establishment of Jewish settlements,and the construction of separation wall,to complete the dual transformation strategy of“de-Arabization”and“Judaization”,which is the key step in realizing the conception of“Greater Jerusalem”.At the same time,the West Wall of the Old City,the ruins of the City of David and the streets in Israel are tinged with strong Jewish symbolism to strengthen the collective Jewish memory of Jerusalem.In recent years,based on the principle of“Facts on the Ground”,Israel’s highest authority has successively introduced Basic Law:Jerusalem,Capital of Israel,the Greater Jerusalem Bill and Jerusalem 2050,in order to realize the all-round Judaization strategy.In response,Arab residents in East Jerusalem have taken various ways to protest.Arab countries also refuse to recognize the Jewish nature of East Jerusalem.More countries and international organizations are in favor of solving the Jerusalem issue within the framework of the“Two-State Solution”.However,due to Israel’s consistently tough territorial policy and the American favoritism,the Judaization movement in East Jerusalem is still underway.The Judaization movement of East Jerusalem is a process in which Israel restricts Arabs’living space and rights and promotes the legitimacy of its occupation.It seriously violated the legitimate rights and interests of Arab residents in Jerusalem,caused the local Arab residents’living plight,intensified the possibility of contradictions and conflicts between Jews and Arabs,and brought extremely unstable influence to Israel,the Middle East and even the whole international community.

关 键 词：耶路撒冷问题 以色列 东耶路撒冷 定居点 阿拉伯社区 犹太化 

分 类 号：D815.4[政治法律—国际关系]