矮化中间砧对烟富3号苹果苗木形态与碳氮养分的影响  

Effects of dwarfing interstocks on morphology and carbohydrates and ni-trogen nutrition of Yanfu No.3 apple nursery trees

作　　者：赵德英[1] 闫帅[1] 徐锴[1] 袁继存[1] 周江涛 程存刚[1] 赵亮亮 张少瑜[1] 侯桂学 ZHAO Deying;YAN Shuai;XU Kai;YUAN Jicun;ZHOU Jiangtao;CHENG Cungang;ZHAO Liangliang;ZHANG Shaoyu;HOU Guixue(Research Institute of Pomology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science/Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertiliza-tion for Deciduous Fruits of Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops(Germ-plasm Resources Utilization),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xingcheng 125100,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院果树研究所·辽宁省落叶果树矿质营养与肥料高效利用重点实验室·农业农村部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室,辽宁兴城125100

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第12期2289-2300,共12页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：辽宁省科学技术计划项目(2020JH2/10200028);国家现代苹果产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-27)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同矮化中间砧对苹果苗木生长特性、根系构型、碳氮贮藏养分的影响,为筛选适宜的砧穗组合、培育高质量苗木提供依据。【方法】以组培山定子为基砧,M9、M9-T337、M9-Pajam 2、M26、MM111、Mac9、P1、SH1、SH6、SH38、SH40、GM256、GM310和辽砧2号为中间砧,以烟富3号苹果为接穗,起苗后测量不同中间砧苗木的高度、茎粗、节间长度、根深、根幅等外部形态指标,各处理植株按叶片、品种枝条、中间砧、根系4部分进行株解,根系清洗后用根系扫描仪和WINRhizo分析软件测定总根长、总根表面积、总根体积、平均根系直径、根尖数、分枝数、根叉数。株解后烘干粉碎,测定不同部位的可溶性糖、淀粉、游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白含量。【结果】不同矮化中间砧对烟富3苹果苗木的外部形态、根系构型以及碳氮贮藏营养具有显著影响。SH1和MM111中间砧的烟富3号苗木干截面积和高度均为最大,生长势最强,M9和P1中间砧组合苗木干截面积和高度则最小,生长势最弱。辽砧2号中间砧组合具有最大的总根长、根尖数、分枝数和根叉数,SH1中间砧组合总根表面积和根体积最大。SH40总根长、总根表面积和分枝数最小。SH1和MM111和辽砧2号可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量最高,M9、P1、M9-Pajam 2淀粉含量最高,M9-Pajam 2中间砧组合游离氨基酸含量最高。【结论】矮化砧木以牺牲根系和接穗生长为代价保留了过量的淀粉储备,通过糖耗尽和细胞活性降低来实现对植株长势的控制。通过隶属函数综合评价,筛选出品种干截面积、中间砧淀粉含量、中间砧游离氨基酸含量、叶片淀粉含量、苗木高度、根尖数、总根体积、节间长度、叶片游离氨基酸含量和根表面积可作为评价苹果苗木质量的重要指标。模糊综合评价结合致矮性、根系特征和贮藏营养等指标分析,M9-Pajam 2综合评价值最高,�【Objective】The quality of nursery trees for planting have a significant effect on productivity during the early years of newly established orchards.Dwarfing rootstock plays an important role in vig-or control,early production and low labor cost.The effects of different dwarfing interstocks on the growth characteristics,root architecture,storage carbohydrates and nitrogen nutrients of apple nursery trees were clarified,aiming to screen suitable rootstock-scion combinations and produce high-quality apple seedlings.【Methods】Apple scions of Yanfu No.3 were grafted onto 14 dwarfing interstocks(M9,M9-T337,M9-Pajam 2,M26,MM111,Mac9,P1,SH1,SH6,SH38,SH40,GM256,GM310 and Liaozhen No.2),the nursery trees propagated in vitro of Malus baccata were used as primary rootstock.The morphological indicators such as the height,stem diameter,internode length,root depth,and root width of different interstock seedlings were measured after harvest of the nursery trees.The harvested nursery trees of each treatment were sampled and separated into four parts:leaf,branch,interstem and root.The root morphology included the surface traits of the individual root axis,such as root length,sur-face area,diameter,volume,tips,forks and crossings.The root morphology and architecture analysis was carried out by WinRhizo system.The contents of soluble sugars,starch,free amino acids and pro-tein were measured in different parts.【Results】Different dwarf interstocks had significant effects on the plant morphology,root architecture and storage carbohydrates and nitrogen nutrition of Yanfu No.3 apple nursery trees.The trunk cross-sectional area(TCSA)and the height of the Yanfu No.3 nursery trees with SH1 and MM111 interstocks were larger and growth vigor was stronger,while the TCSA and the height of the Yanfu No.3 nursery trees with M9 and P1 interstocks were smaller,and the growth vig-or was weaker.The TCSA and height of nursery trees with Mark 9 interstocks were between those of the nursery trees with MM111 and M26 interstocks,so Mark 9 could

关 键 词：烟富3号苹果 矮化中间砧 苗木形态 根系构型 碳氮贮藏营养 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]