洛川旱地苹果园自然草被群落特征研究  

A study on the community characteristics of natural cover grasses in apple orchard in Luochuan county

作　　者：马正岩 宋志娟 王志琦 刘亚妮 李前进 马锋旺[1] 李明军[1] MA Zhengyan;SONG Zhijuan;WANG Zhiqi;LIU Yani;LI Qianjin;MA Fengwang;LI Mingjun(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;Shaanxi Luochuan County Apple Industry Research and Development Center,Luochuan 727400,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省洛川县苹果产业研发中心,陕西洛川727400

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第12期2301-2308,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划(2019TSLNY02-02)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究旱地苹果园草被群落演替特征和生态适应性,为人工干预自然生草过程中草被高效管理提供参考。【方法】以洛川县凤栖镇苹果园为代表,调查了果园全年草本植物的发生特点及群落组成,用不同时期的草种密度计算Margalef丰富度指数、辛普森指数、生态位指数和统计草本植物全年相对高度、根长等指标,筛选适合旱地苹果园自然生草的优良草本植物种类。【结果】以洛川县凤栖镇为代表的旱地苹果园中,草本植物共32种,隶属于15个科。春季以繁缕、藜科、十字花科草本植物为主,入夏后十字花科草本植物逐渐消退,繁缕、禾本科和菊科草本植物占主导位置,直至11月,8、9月为苹果园全年草本植物丰富度指数最高的月份。狗尾草、虎尾草、稗草、马唐、繁缕这5种草在果园中年覆盖时间最长,覆盖密度最大。【结论】果园的自然生草群落会随着季节变化而变化,综合所有结果筛选出,狗尾草、虎尾草、马唐、稗草、繁缕、蒲公英、苣荬菜、活血丹可作为旱地苹果园自然生草的优良草本植物种类。【Objective】As a widely used soil management in the world,grass-growing in orchards has many advantages,such as increasing soil organic matter,improving soil microbial community diversity,enhancing orchard ecosystem diversity,and improving fruit quality.According to the current situation of rural development,labor losses have caused orchards with poor management,where weeds are rampant.There is an urgent need to develop a set of management and protection methods for dryland natural grass orchards,so as to reduce labor input in cutting while ensuring fruit quality.Therefore,it is necessary to clarify the growth habits of orchard weeds and screen out the dominant benign grass species suitable for apple orchards.This experiment explored the ecological adaptability of different dominant grass species in the process of community succession in dryland apple orchards with natural grass cover,and provided reference for screening available natural grass species in apple orchard(Fengqi town,Luochuan county as an example).【Methods】The species of grass was determined by photographing,sample collecting,consulting literature,and expert identification.Three quadrats of natural grass each of 1 m2 were randomly investigated in each orchard with the diagonal as the benchmark.Twenty orchards were investigated,and a total of 60 quadrats were investigated.The growth(plant number,height)and community distribution of grass species per month were analyzed and recorded.In order to record conveniently,the underground part of grass species was recorded as the root length of grass.The ecological habits of the dominant grass species were mastered through literature review,and the dominant benign grass species suitable for natural cover in apple orchard were screened.The collected samples were classified and identified based on species.With species as the statistical unit,Margalef richness index,Simpson index,dominance and niche breadth were calculated.【Results】Through the investigation of the annual succession of grass species in

关 键 词：旱地苹果园 自然生草 草种演替 优势草种 洛川 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]