覆盖散光膜对设施葡萄不同节位叶片光合特性和果实品质的影响  

Effects of covering with light-diffusing film on photosynthetic characteristics of leaves at different node positions and fruit quality of grapes under protection

作　　者：李志强 林琭 李磊 赵琪 李倩 安福尚 金洪波 LI Zhiqiang;LIN Lu;LI Lei;ZHAO Qi;LI Qian;AN Fushang;JIN Hongbo(College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi,China;Zhongfu Plastic Products Sales Company Lim�ited in Tangshan,Tangshan 063000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,太原030031 [2]唐山市忠福塑料制品销售有限公司,河北唐山063000

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第12期2330-2342,共13页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：山西省重点研发重点项目子课题(201903D211011-02);山西省农业科学院科企合作项目(2020kqhzpt01)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明散射光薄膜覆盖下植株不同节位之间光环境的差异及对叶片光合特性及果实品质的影响,为散光膜的进一步推广应用提供理论依据。【方法】以4年生早黑宝葡萄为试材,以覆盖散射光薄膜的大棚为处理,覆盖普通PO膜的大棚为对照,研究不同薄膜覆盖的大棚内光环境的变化对植株低位叶(离地高度0.80~0.90 m)、中位叶(离地高度1.20~1.30 m)和高位叶(离地高度1.60~1.70 m)的叶片净光合速率(P_(n))、荧光参数、光响应特性、CO_(2)响应特性、叶片质量以及果实品质的影响。【结果】与对照相比,处理的高位叶光强较低;植株背光测(即上午西侧和下午东侧)的中位叶光强显著提高;而低位叶则全天的受光状况得到显著改善,光强日平均值提高29.1%~35.4%。对照的高位叶由于受到光照过强而在午间出现无法缓解的光抑制现象,叶片P_(n)在中午和下午显著低于处理;处理的植株背光侧的中位叶P_(n)比对照显著提高;低位叶的叶片P_(n)则表现为处理全天高于对照,平均提高18.3%~59.8%(p<0.05)。处理植株不同节位叶片的光系统Ⅱ的潜在量子效率(F_(v)/F_(m))均显著高于对照。处理的叶片饱和光强下的最大净光合速率(P_(nmax))和叶片CO_(2)响应的最大净光合速率(P_(nmax,c))分别比对照提高了2.2%~9.0%和30.2%~68.7%(p<0.05)。处理植株不同节位叶片的叶长×叶宽均显著高于对照,且提高程度随着节位的降低而增大。叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)表现为高位叶在处理和对照之间无显著差异,而中位叶和低位叶处理显著高于对照。与对照相比,除果形指数无显著差异外,处理的果实单果质量、可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量以及果实中的全钙、全钾和粗蛋白质含量均显著提高,总酸度显著降低。【结论】覆盖散射光薄膜显著改善了植株中部背光侧叶片以及下部叶片的光环境,从而提高了叶片�【Objective】The aim of this study was to explore the effects of covering light-diffusing film on light environment in greenhouse and photosynthetic characteristics of leaves at different node positions as well as fruit quality,in order to provide reference for application of light diffusing film.【Methods】In this study,4-year-old Zaoheibao grapevines were adopted as experimental materials,and the effects of changing light environment on growth and quality of grape berries through covering with lightdiffusing(as treatment)or with ordinary PO film(as control)were examined.Diurnal variations of light intensity at lower leaf(LL,0.80-0.90 m above ground),middle leaf(ML,1.20-1.30 m above ground)and upper leaf(HL,1.60-1.70 m above ground)positions of the eastward and westward sides were mea-sured at intervals of one hour from 08:00 to 18:00 using a hand-held photons instrument(MQ-100)in three successive clear days.Diurnal variations of leaf net photosynthetic rate(P_(n))and dark respiration rate(R_(d))at LL,ML and HL of eastward side and westward side were measured once every two hours from 08:00 to 18:00 using a LI-6400XT photosynthesis measurement system.Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters including minimum fluorescence in dark(F_(o)),maximum fluorescence in dark(F_(m)),and potential quantum efficiency of PSⅡ(F_(v)/F_(m))at LL,ML and HL in the treatment and the control were measured using the LI-6400XT equipped with an integrated fluorescence chamber head(LI-6400-40).The response curves of P_(n)to photosynthetically active radiation(PAR)and intercellular CO_(2)concentration(C_(i))of LL,ML and HL were measured using the LI-6400XT with its standard 6 cm^(2)leaf chamber and red-blue LED light source(LI-6400-02B).The P_(n)-PAR response curves were obtained at ambient CO_(2)concentration of(400±20)μmol·mol^(-1) with PAR set in a decreasing series of 1500,1200,1000,800,500,200,100,80,50,20 and 0μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1).The P_(n)-C_(i) response curves were measured under light intensity of 1200μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)(s

关 键 词：葡萄 散光膜 节位 光合特性 果实品质 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]