国内外核桃品种选育研究进展  

Research progress in walnut variety breeding at home and abroad

作　　者：王磊 曹亚龙 孟海军[1] 赵伟 张港港 韩轩轩 樊璐 卢战平 董兆斌 王根宪 吴国良[1] WANG Lei;CAO Yalong;MENG Haijun;ZHAO Wei;ZHANG Ganggang;HAN Xuanxuan;FAN Lu;LU Zhanping;DONG Zhaobin;WANG Genxian;WU Guoliang(College of Horticultural Science,Henan Agricultural University/Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China;Jiyuan State-owned Nanshan Forest Farm,Jiyuan 459001,Henan,China;Shangluo Shengda Industry Co.,LTD,Shangluo 726199,Shannxi,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学园艺学院·河南省果树瓜类生物学重点实验室,郑州450002 [2]河南省济源市国有南山林场,河南济源459001 [3]陕西商洛盛大实业股份有限公司,陕西商洛726199

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第12期2406-2417,共12页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：济源市国家核桃良种基地建设(林场行字2018-4号);陕西省红仁核桃丰产栽培及深加工利用技术研究(项目编号:2021 ZDLNY04-05)

摘　　要：核桃是世界范围内的重要果树,无论面积还是产量在各类干果中均居首位。品种是核桃生产的基础。20世纪60年代中后期至今,我国核桃产业以丰产、早实、品质优和抗逆为育种目标,积极进行核桃品种的选育工作,取得了显著的成就。对国内外核桃品种选育研究工作,包括国内外品种应用现状、实生选种、杂交育种和引种研究等方面进行了全面综述,旨在为核桃育种工作提供理论参考。展望未来,培育良种时只有高度重视种质资源科学的开发利用研究,才能培育出适应未来轻简化栽培的核桃优良品种,以促进我国核桃产业的可持续发展。Walnut is one of the most important nut crops in the world,and ranks first in all kinds of nut species in terms of growing area and total yield.Walnut with high nutritional value has occupied the first place in the world in both growing area and yield in China,and has significantly social,economic and ecological benefits.In addition,walnut also has significant environmental protection and ecological value,and plays an important role in national strategy of returning farmland to forest in China.Walnut varieties with excellent comprehensive characteristics are the basis of the walnut industry.For a long time,the walnut yield per unit in China is lower and the quality is poor.One of the main reasons is the low popularity of excellent varieties,which seriously restrict the further improvement of walnut yield and quality.So,this article reviews the progress in walnut variety breeding in recent years,in order to provide reference for walnut scientific research,production and application in the future.High yield,early fruiting,as well as good quality and stress resistance are the main objectives of walnut breeding,which are affected by the density of fruiting branches,the number of female flowers,fruit setting rate and nut size.China is rich in wild walnut resources,and cross breeding is an important way to improve walnut yield and quality.As there are the same chromosome number and similar genetic background among various walnut species,different walnut varieties had been used in cross breeding to develop more walnut varieties.Walnut cross breeding in China began in the middle and late 1960s.In 1990,the Ministry of Forestry approved 16 new early-fruiting walnut cultivars,which have become the principal varieties to be popularized in China.In the breeding of walnut,the comprehensive scoring method is the most commonly used.Its main focus is to weight-score the main economic traits such as kernel yield,nut weight and high yield that affect the quality of walnut,and select the best one according to the comprehensive score

关 键 词：核桃 品种 杂交育种 引种 实生选种 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]