观赏桃新品种钟雪的选育  

Breeding report of a new ornamental peach cultivar Zhongxue

作　　者：许建兰[1] 马瑞娟[1] 俞明亮[1] 张斌斌[1] 张春华[1] 沈志军[1] 郭磊[1] 沈江海[1] 郭绍雷 XU Jianlan;MA Ruijuan;YU Mingliang;ZHANG Binbin;ZHANG Chunhua;SHEN Zhijun;GUO Lei;SHEN Jianghai;GUO Shaolei(Institute of Pomology,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement,Nanjing 210014,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院果树研究所·江苏省高效园艺作物遗传改良重点实验室,南京210014

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第12期2436-2438,共3页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：农作物种质资源保护项目(NB06-070401-07)。

摘　　要：钟雪是以红垂枝为母本、菊花桃为父本进行杂交,从其杂交后代中选择单株进行自然授粉获得的子代中选育的观赏桃新品种。果实为卵形,果面有毛,果皮为绿色,成熟时果肉绿白色;果个较小,单果质量30 g左右,风味酸略带苦,不宜食用。在江苏南京地区8月15日左右成熟,从盛花到果实成熟生育期150 d左右。钟雪花为菊花型,盛花时花径4.1 cm,花瓣白色,数量14~29瓣;花丝白色,数量27~45条,花药黄色,有花粉,花粉量大,雌蕊比雄蕊低,1枚;萼片9~10枚,绿色。近几年观察,在南京地区3月下旬盛花,花期长,盛花期可持续10 d左右,观赏期达半个月。树势中庸,开张型;树体以长、中果枝为主。随着树龄增加,树体有少量流胶,流胶病抗性中等,其他病虫发生较少。适合长江、黄河流域观光园、街道、庭院等栽培,第2年即可开花观赏,第3年结果,坐果率低。Zhongxue is an ornamental peach variety,which was bred from natural pollination of 2007-23 generated from the cross of Hongchuizhi×Juhuatao.Tree of Hongchuizhi is weeping,and flower is dark red,showy.Juhuatao produces flowers that are chrysanthemum-like and pink.Fruit were harvested in 2010 when they reached physiologically ripeness in August,then their seeds were disinfected with 75%alcohol and stored in storage at(3±2)℃.After three months,when the seeds germinated,they were planted in pots.56 progeny seedlings were obtained in the greenhouse finally.In late April,the seedlings were planted at 1.0 m×4.0 m in the field and managed in general cultivation way.Because of its special color and pattern,it was selected in 2013.From 2016 to 2019,the adaptability test of Zhongxue was conducted at Lishui and Nanjing.Through 7 consecutive years of tests,all the traits proved stable.The tree vigor is moderate with an opening canopy.Leaves are green,long elliptic to lanceolate,with a cuneate base.They are 12.8 cm long and 3.6 cm wide,with a length-to-width ratio of 3.54.There are 1 or 2 reniform glands,with a petiole 0.74 cm in length.The flower color is white and chrysanthemum-like,with fourteen to twenty-nine petals.The diameter is about 4.1 cm.The yellow anthers with pollens are on the twenty-seven to forty-five light-white filaments.The single pistil is short than stamen.Sepals are green with nine-ten pieces,with a yellow-green calyx tub.In a 7-year-old tree,the percentage of spurs,short fruiting shoots,middle fruit shoots,long fruit shoots and water shoots with flower buds were 0.7%,11.8%,34.7%,52.1%and 0.7%.The first flower bud is formed at the 3rd or 4th node.The internode length is moderate,2.61 cm with 56 flowers per meter.Bud break occurs in early March in Nanjing area,and the flower begins to blossom in late March,and the flowering period lasts for more than half a mouth.Fruit is mainly ovate,with greenish-white flesh that tastes sour and bitter when mature.The fruit is small,hairiness,with an average fruit w

关 键 词：观赏桃 新品种 钟雪 菊花型 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]