自适应编码的高容量密文可逆信息隐藏算法  

High-capacity Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Using Adaptive Encoding

作　　者：马文静 吴友情 殷赵霞[1] MA Wen-Jing;WU You-Qing;YIN Zhao-Xia(Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Multimodal Cognitive Computation(Anhui University),Hefei 230601,China;School of Computer Science and Technology,Hefei Normal University,Hefei 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]多模态认知计算安徽省重点实验室(安徽大学),安徽合肥230601 [2]合肥师范学院计算机学院,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《软件学报》2022年第12期4746-4757,共12页Journal of Software

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61872003,61502009);计算机体系结构国家重点实验室开放课题(CARCHB202018)。

摘　　要：随着数字信息技术的普及,密文可逆信息隐藏(reversible data hiding in encrypted images,RDHEI)逐渐成为云存储中隐私保护的研究热点.RDHEI作为一种能在密文中嵌入额外信息,并正确提取嵌入信息和无损恢复原始图像的技术,受到研究者的广泛关注.为了能在加密图像中嵌入充足的额外信息,提出了一种自适应编码的高容量RDHEI算法.首先,计算原始图像不同预测误差的出现概率并自适应的生成哈夫曼编码;然后,利用流密码加密原始图像,根据像素预测误差对应的哈夫曼码字对加密后像素进行标记;最后,以位替换方式将信息嵌入到已标记像素的预留空间中.经实验验证:该算法在正确提取嵌入信息的同时,无损地恢复了原始图像.与同类算法相比,该算法充分利用了图像本身的纹理特性,有效地提高了图像嵌入率.在UCID,BOSSBase和BOWS-2这3个图像集上,该算法的平均嵌入率达到3.162bpp,3.917bpp以及3.775bpp,与当前性能最佳算法相比,提升了0.263 bpp,0.292 bpp以及0.280 bpp.With the popularization of digital information technology,the reversible data hiding in encrypted images(RDHEI)has gradually become the research hotspot of privacy protection in cloud storage.As a technology which can embed additional information in encrypted domain,extract the embedded information correctly,and recover the original image without loss,RDHEI has been widely paid attention by researchers.To embed sufficient additional information in the encrypted image,a high-capacity RDHEI method using adaptive encoding is proposed in this study.Firstly,the occurrence frequency of different prediction errors of the original image is calculated and the corresponding adaptive Huffman coding is generated.Then,the original image is encrypted with stream cipher and the encrypted pixels are marked with different Huffman codewords according to the prediction errors.Finally,additional information is embedded in the reserved room of marked pixels by bit substitution.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can extract the embedded information correctly and recover the original image losslessly.Compared with similar algorithms,the proposed algorithm makes full use of the characteristics of the image itself and greatly improves the embedding rate of the image.On UCID,BOSSBase,and BOWS-2 datasets,the average embedding rate of the proposed algorithm reaches 3.162 bpp,3.917 bpp,and 3.775 bpp,which is higher than the state-of-the-art algorithm of 0.263 bpp,0.292 bpp,and 0.280 bpp,respectively.

关 键 词：隐私保护 可逆信息隐藏 加密图像 自适应编码 预测误差 

分 类 号：TP309[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]