新时期总体国家安全观视阈下间谍犯罪立法比较与修改  

Comparison and Revision of Espionage Crime Legislation Under Overall National Security Perspective in New Period

作　　者：周玉华 ZHOU Yuhua

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学法学院

出　　处：《法学评论》2022年第6期120-130,共11页Law Review

摘　　要：间谍罪是危害国家安全的重要罪名。我国《刑法》第110条主要列举了两类传统间谍行为,一是参加间谍组织或者接受间谍组织及其代理人的任务,二是为敌人指示轰击目标。这一规定严重不适应反间谍司法实践需要。本文在比较各国间谍罪立法基础上,提出修改间谍罪的相关规定:一是在刑法分则第一章增加经济间谍罪的规定,同时,删除刑法分则第三章“第219条之一”规定;二是强化对间谍预备犯的打击力度,对进入“禁止区域”行为作为间谍罪(既遂)提前严厉打击;三是强调不仅要打击间谍组织、间谍组织代理人,更要将一切为境外“窃取、刺探、收买或非法提供国家机密、情报”的行为作为间谍罪定罪量刑;四是将“针对第三国间谍活动”犯罪化;五是优化间谍罪的刑罚体系,包括犯间谍罪,又犯其他罪的要数罪并罚、犯间谍罪而有重大立功表现的,“应当从轻、减轻或免除处罚”。The crime of espionage is an important crime endangering national security.Article 110 of the criminal law of China mainly lists two types of traditional espionage,one is to participate in espionage organizations or accept the tasks of espionage organizations and their agents,and the other is to instruct the enemy to bombard targets.This provision seriously does not meet the needs of anti espionage judicial practice.On the basis of comparing the legislation of espionage crime in various countries,this paper proposes to modify the relevant provisions of espionage crime:first,add the provisions of economic espionage crime in the first chapter of the special provisions of the criminal law,and delete the provisions of"article 219-1"in the third chapter of the special provisions of the criminal law;the second is to strengthen the crackdown on the preparatory crime of espionage,and severely crack down on the act of entering the"forbidden area"as a crime of espionage(accomplished)in advance;third,it stresses that we should not only crack down on spy organizations and agents of spy organizations,but also criminalize and sentence all acts of"stealing,spying,buying or illegally providing state secrets and intelligence"for overseas countries as a crime of espionage;fourth,criminalize"espionage against a third country";fifth,we should optimize the penalty system for espionage,including those who commit espionage and other crimes,and those who commit espionage and perform major meritorious deeds"should be given a lighter,mitigated or exempted punishment".

关 键 词：间谍 经济间谍 预备犯 数罪并罚 

分 类 号：D924.31[政治法律—刑法学]