数字经济背景下“一带一路”跨境数据传输的法律规制  

Legal Regulation of Cross-Border Data Transmission Under "Belt and Road" in Context of Digital Economy

作　　者：齐鹏[1] QI Peng

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学法学院

出　　处：《法学评论》2022年第6期165-179,共15页Law Review

基　　金：2022年陕西省社会科学基金专项项目“APP刷榜、互联网黑灰产业链引发涉稳风险及对策研究”(项目编号:2022PZXWT02);2022年度陕西省社会科学基金年度项目“‘银发数字经济’平台合同信息失衡防控研究”(项目编号:2022E006)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：数据流动已成各国竞相争夺的重要生产要素资源。为促使“十四五”时期“一带一路”命运共同体更具活力,倡议发起者有必要在考察分析沿线各国跨境数据传输规制目的指向基础上,理性剖析当前域外监管法律规范及潜在不足,从跨境数据传输的国际协作、立法规制、执行完善、评估监督、行业自律等方面作出回应和变革:在跨境数据传输实施前,选适多边、双边合作形式,培育中国主导的“一带一路”数字世贸组织,建立“东数西存”存储中心,加强既有国际组织沟通交流;在数据流动准备阶段,以柔性治理“软法”合作为基础,完善“硬法”规制,构建数据合理分级分类管理制度;在数据传输中,督促各国设置级别业务对应的执法机构,形成多元主体执法队伍;在数据跨境传输中后端,差别化规范目的评估,对数据全程流转嵌入监督问责机制;在数据传输末端,建立第三方数据行业保护认证机构,细化自律标准,将数据传输保护理念融入企业管理之中,形塑具有中国特色的“一带一路”跨境数据传输共治之路。Data flows have become an important production factor resource that countries are competing for. In order to promote the "Belt and Road" community of destiny in the "14 th Five-Year Plan" period to be more dynamic, as the initiator of the initiative, it is necessary to rationally analyze the current extraterritorial regulatory legal norms and potential deficiencies on the basis of examining and analyzing the purpose of cross-border data transmission regulations in countries along the route, and respond and change from the aspects of international cooperation, legislative system, implementation improvement, evaluation and supervision, and industry self-discipline of cross-border data transmission: Before the implementation of cross-border data transmission, select multilateral and bilateral cooperation forms to cultivate the "Belt and Road" Digital WTO led by China, the establishment of "East and West" storage center, strengthen the communication and exchange of existing international organizations;in the preparation stage of data flow, based on the "Soft Law" cooperation in flexible governance, improve the "hard law" regulation, and build a reasonable hierarchical classification management system for data;in the data transmission, urge countries to set up law enforcement agencies corresponding to the level of business, and form a multi-subject law enforcement team;in the cross-border transmission of data, in the back-end, differentiated normative purpose assessment, the whole process of data circulation embedded supervision and accountability mechanism;at the end of data transmission, establish a third-party data industry protection certification body, refine self-discipline standards, integrate the concept of data transmission protection into enterprise management, and shape the "Belt and Road" cross-border data transmission co-governance road with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：“一带一路” 跨境数据传输 数字世贸组织 “东数西存” 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学]