自走式牧草种子收获机的设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Self-propelled Grass Seed Harvester

作　　者：李凤鸣 刘贵林 张英俊[2] 王强 李伟 杜建强 Li Fengming;Liu Guilin;Zhang Yingjun;Wang Qiang;Li Wei;Du Jianqiang(Hohhot Branch of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences Co.Ltd.,Hohhot 010020,China;College of Grassland Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业机械化科学研究院呼和浩特分院有限公司,呼和浩特010020 [2]中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院,北京100083 [3]内蒙古农业大学机电工程学院,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《农机化研究》2023年第4期66-73,共8页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技重大专项项目(2020ZD0001);国家牧草产业技术体系播种机械化岗位科学家专项(CARS-34)。

摘　　要：针对我国苜蓿国产草种采集难度大、草种生产产量和质量不高、长期依赖进口,收获机械化、规模化、集约化、标准化程度低,缺乏专用收获设备等问题,设计了一种新型自走式牧草种子专用收获装备。介绍了苜蓿植株物理特性、物料悬浮特性以及总体结构方案和工作原理,并完成了行走底盘、割前脱粒采集台和沉降箱等关键零部件结构设计和参数计算。同时,进行了割前脱粒采集台内部流场的模拟仿真分析,得到了采集台进口处的平均速度,误差在允许的范围内且大于种子及种荚的悬浮速度,也验证了物料悬浮特性试验的合理性。对样机进行了田间性能试验,通过试验结果与技术指标的分析对样机进行了优化设计。试验结果表明:机具各项技术性能指标均能满足设计要求,可完成站立苜蓿草种的割前脱粒采集、风力负压输送、降压沉降、绞龙输送装车等多项工作,作业质量良好,收获的种子种荚及断裂茎秆等物料混合物均匀纯净,谷草比较小,为后续清选作业提供了良好的原料基础。研究为我国提供了一种新型的牧草种子专用收获机具,成果值得转化和示范推广。In view of the difficulty of collecting alfalfa seeds in our country,low production yield and quality of grass seeds,long-term dependence on imports,low harvesting mechanization,large-scale,intensive,standardization,and lack of special harvesting equipment,etc.,this article discusses the new type of self-propelled forage seed harvesting equipment,introduces the physical characteristics of alfalfa plants,material suspension characteristics,overall structure schemes and working principles,and completes the structural design and parameter calculation of walking chassis,the threshing collection platform before cutting and the settling box and other key components,the simulation analysis of the internal flow field of the threshing collection platform before cutting was completed,and the average velocity at the entrance of the collection platform was obtained.the error was within the allowable range and was greater than the suspension velocity of seeds and seed pods.It also verified the material suspension characteristics test rationality.Field performance tests were conducted on the prototype,and the prototype was optimized through the analysis of test results and technical indicators.The test results show that the various technical performance indicators of the machine can meet the design requirements,and it can complete the threshing and collection of standing alfalfa seeds before cutting,wind negative pressure conveying,depressurization and settlement,and auger conveying and loading,etc.,the quality is good,the harvested seeds,pods,broken stems and other material mixtures are uniform and pure,and the corn grass is relatively small,which provides a good raw material basis for subsequent cleaning operations.At the same time,it also provides new type of special harvesting machine for forage seeds for our country.The self-propelled structure is simple and compact,and it is free to move.The loss rate of the threshing collection before cutting is small,and the results are worthy of transformation and demonstration.

关 键 词：牧草种子收获机 割前脱粒 湍流 自走式 

分 类 号：S225.99[农业科学—农业机械化工程]