基于PIC的轻简式苗期盖碗覆土机的设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Light and Simple Bowl Covering Machine for Seedling Based on PIC

作　　者：毕文博 杜毅鹏 孙宇鸿 隆金宏 何培祥[1] 廖明亮 Bi Wenbo;Du Yipeng;Sun Yuhong;Long Jinhong;He Peixiang;Liao Mingliang(College of Engineering and Technology,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716,China;Zhongxin Edible Fungi Professional Cooperative of Zunyi County,Zunyi 563100,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学工程技术学院,重庆400716 [2]遵义县中信食用菌专业合作社,贵州遵义563100

出　　处：《农机化研究》2023年第3期113-117,共5页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：贵州省科技厅农业攻关重点项目(黔科合支撑[2020]1Y127);重庆市技术创新重点项目(cstc2019jscx-gksbX0119)。

摘　　要：对丘陵山区井窖式移栽作物,如烟苗、辣椒苗等其他农作物而言,覆膜是植株培育过程中必不可少的环节。然而,对丘陵地区作物覆膜劳动强度大,且残膜遗留问题严重,难以回收再利用,污染了土地,增加了移栽成本,严重制约了农业经济发展。农艺学家提出了对于丘陵地区使用碗罩移栽代替地膜是一种较好的解决方案。目前,丘陵山区的烟田盖碗工作由人工完成,劳动强度大,效率低,没有与此农艺相匹配的机器。为此,设计了一款适用于丘陵山区的轻便式自动盖碗机,包括盖碗系统、覆土系统和控制系统。盖碗系统包括盖碗传动装置和盖碗执行装置,可确保碗的分离和一次只盖一个碗;覆土系统由覆土电机和覆土推板构成,当盖碗工作完成,提起机器的同时完成覆土,使碗固定在井窖中。试验结果表明:装置落碗定位准确,工作效率达到4s/个以上,盖碗覆土成功率不低于94%,满足设计要求。For well cellar transplanting crops,such as tobacco seedlings,pepper seedlings,and other crops in Hilly and mountainous areas,film mulching is an essential link in the process of plant cultivation.However,for hilly areas,the labor intensity of plastic film mulching is high,and the problem of residual film is serious,which is difficult to recycle and reuse,pollutes the land,increases the cost of transplanting,and seriously restricts the economic development of crops.Agronomists suggest that bowl cover transplanting is a better solution for hilly areas.However,at present,the work of covering tobacco bowls in hilly areas is done manually,which has high labor intensity and low efficiency.There is no machine matching with this agronomy in agricultural production,so a portable automatic bowl capping machine suitable for hilly areas is designed,which includes bowl capping system,soil covering system and control system.The bowl covering system includes a bowl covering transmission device and a bowl covering actuator,which ensures the separation of the bowl and covers only one bowl at a time;the soil covering system is composed of a soil covering motor and a soil covering push plate,and when the bowl covering work is completed,the soil covering is completed while the machine is lifted,so that the bowl is fixed in the well cellar.The experiment results show that the device can accurately locate the bowl,the working efficiency can reach more than 4 s per bowl,and the success rate of covering bowl with soil is not less than 94%,which meets the design requirements.

关 键 词：井窖移栽 轻简式 再利用 盖碗覆土 PIC芯片 

分 类 号：S233.94[农业科学—农业机械化工程]