玉米秸秆与土壤混合物料成型装置性能及试验研究  

Performance and Experiment of the Equipment for Shaping Corn Straw and Soil Mixture

作　　者：杨杰 张煜忠 古冬冬 仵峰 王者然 冯飞飞 Yang Jie;Zhang Yuzhong;Gu Dongdong;Wu Feng;Wang Zheran;Feng Feifei(School of Mechanical Engineering,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China;School of Water Conservancy,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学机械学院,郑州450046 [2]华北水利水电大学水利学院,郑州450046

出　　处：《农机化研究》2023年第3期168-175,共8页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51979108);中原科技创新领军人才项目(194200510008);国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0400103);河南省科技研发专项(192102110091);华北水利水电大学研究生教育创新计划基金项目(YK2019-16);华北水利水电大学横向项目(2019410102000944)。

摘　　要：目前,黄淮海地区玉米秸秆主要实行粉碎掩埋还田的处理方式,针对还田后出现的病虫害且影响小麦生长问题,提出了一种秸秆全量还田的处理方式,即将玉米秸秆和土壤按一定比例形成混合物料,通过成型装置将其挤压成圆柱型,并可结合开沟掩埋机构与秸秆腐解和防病虫药剂来实现秸秆深埋还田处理,使秸秆与小麦种床分离。因此设计了玉米秸秆还田机的核心部件,即混合物料成型装置,其包含5片螺旋叶片且螺距渐变并成阶梯状排布,经螺旋推进可以将混合物料挤压成圆柱型。物料成型出料速率和过程中功率消耗是其核心部件的重要指标,为了验证其性能,基于该装置设计了成型装置试验平台,由传送带、搅龙成型机构及支架、5.5kW交流电机、物料输出平台和测试仪器(钳流计、转速仪、秒表、尺子等)构成。初步试验表明:当以混合物料挤压成型出料速率为参考指标,则物料含水率为20%,螺旋轴转速为397r/min,喂入量为210kg/min时,出料速率达到了最大;当以混合物料成型过程中功率消耗为指标,则物料含水率为23%、螺旋轴转速为477r/min、喂入量为180kg/min时,功率消耗最小。对出料速率和功耗2个指标进行了归一化处理,按照6∶4的权重分配,进行了综合性能指标分析,得出了最佳组合为物料含水率为23%、螺旋轴转速为477r/min、物料喂入量为210kg/min。上述结论对后期设计整体秸秆还田机械提供技术支持,为秸秆深埋还田技术提供一定的技术参考。At present,corn straw in Huang-Huai-Hai area is mainly treated by crushing and burying.Aiming at the problems of diseases,insect pests and affecting the growth of wheat after returning to the field,this paper puts forward a way of straw treatment,that corn straw and soil form a mixture of materials in a certain proportion,which can be extruded into a cylindrical shape by a forming device.In the later stage,it can be combined with the ditching and burying mechanism and matched with straw decomposition and anti-disease and insect agents to realize straw deep burial and returning to the field.In this paper,a kind of mixed material forming device is designed,which is composed of conveyor belt,auger forming mechanism and support,5.5 kW AC motor,material output platform and testing instrument(pliers flow meter,tachometer,stopwatch,ruler,etc.).The core component is an auger structure,which consists of five spiral blades with gradual pitch and stepped arrangement.The mixture can be extruded into a cylindrical shape by spiral propulsion.Material forming rate and power consumption in the process are two important indicators.The preliminary test shows that when the extruded discharge rate of mixed materials is taken as the reference index,the material moisture content is 20%,the rotating speed of the screw shaft is 397 r/min,and the feeding quantity is 210 kg/min,the discharge rate reaches the maximum;when the power consumption in the forming process of the mixed material is taken as the index,the material moisture content is 23%,the rotating speed of the screw shaft is 477 r/min,and the feeding quantity is 180 kg/min,the power consumption reaches the minimum.The two indexes of discharge rate and power consumption were normalized.According to the weight distribution of 6∶4,the comprehensive performance index analysis was carried out.The best combination was that the material moisture content was 23%,the rotating speed of the screw shaft was 477 r/min,and the feeding amount of the material was 210 kg/min.These conclusions

关 键 词：秸秆处理 秸秆混合物料 含水率 搅龙转速 喂入量 成型速率 

分 类 号：S226.79[农业科学—农业机械化工程]