荞麦混合脱出物清选装置参数优化及试验研究  

Parameter Optimization and Experimental Study of Cleaning Device on Buckwheat Threshing Material

作　　者：樊荣[1] 崔清亮[1] 卢琦 郑德聪[1,3] Fan Rong;Cui Qingliang;Lu Qi;Zheng Decong(College of Agricultural Engineering,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China;Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Science,Beijing 100083,China;Research Center of Shanxi Modern Agricultural Facilities and Equipment,Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农业工程学院,山西太谷030801 [2]中国农业机械化科学研究院,北京100083 [3]山西省现代农业设施装备研究中心,太原030031

出　　处：《农机化研究》2023年第5期136-142,共7页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0701801)。

摘　　要：为了降低荞麦机械收获中清选环节的含杂率及损失率,提高机械收获性能及效率,在谷物清选试验台上进行了曲柄长度、曲柄转速、上筛面倾角、下筛面倾角、筛面摆动角、风机风向及风机转速的单因素试验,并对这7个因素分别取3水平进行了正交试验和分析。试验结果表明:上筛面倾角、曲柄转速、曲柄长度和风机转速对清选损失率影响显著且影响程度依次降低,风机转速、风机风向角、上筛面倾角、下筛面倾角对籽粒含杂率影响显著,对清选时间影响显著的因素由主及次分别为曲柄转速、曲柄长度、上筛面倾角和风机风速。建立了含杂率、损失率和清选时间的回归模型,并应用遗传算法对该模型进行了优化,得到最佳参数组合,即曲柄长度30mm,曲柄转速和风机转速分别为231、600r/min,风机风向角、上下筛面倾角及基本筛面振动方向角依次为30°、-3.8°、-1°、5°,此时,清选损失率、含杂率和清选时间分别为1.59%、1.91%、7.93s。经试验验证,在最优参数下,各评价指标的试验值与理论值相对误差分别为3.14%、1.22%、3.24%,且优化所得结果与极差方差分析结果高度一致,说明采用遗传算法对清选回归模型进行优化是可行的,优化结果可靠,所得参数组合可为荞麦乃至杂粮联合收获机、清选装置的设计与研发提供理论支持。In order to reduce the impurity rate and loss rate in the process of buckwheat cleaning,improving the mechanical harvesting performance of the combined harvester.The single factor tests based on crank length,crank speed,inclination angle of upper screen surface and lower screen surface,swing angle of screen surface,wind direction of fan and fan speed were carried out on the grain cleaning test bench.The orthogonal test and analysis were carried out on these 7 factors at 3 levels.The test results showed that the inclination of upper sieve surface,crank speed,crank length and fan speed had significant effects on the cleaning loss rate and the influence degree decreased successively.Fan speed,fan wind angle,inclination of upper sieve and lower sieve had significant effects on grain impurity rate.The significant factors affecting the cleaning time were crank speed,crank length,inclination of upper sieve,and wind speed of fan.The regression models of grain impurity rate,cleaning loss rate and cleaning time were established was established by SPSS data analysis software,and optimized based on genetic algorithm.The optimal parameter combination was obtained as follows:the crank length of 30mm,the crank speed of 231r/min,the inclination of upper sieve of -3.8°,the fan wind direction angle of 30°,the fan speed of 600r/min,the inclination of lower sieve of -1°,the vibration angle of sieve surface of 5°,and the cleaning loss rate,impurity rate and cleaning time were 1.59%,1.91%,7.93s,respectively.Under the optimal parameters,the relative errors between the experimental values and the theoretical values of each evaluation index were 3.14%,1.22% and 3.24%,respectively,and the optimized results were highly consistent with the results of range variance analysis,which indicated that the optimization of the regression model of cleaning by genetic algorithm was feasible and the optimization results were reliable.The combination of parameters can provide theoretical basis for the design of buckwheat combined harvester and clean

关 键 词：荞麦混合脱出物 清选装置 遗传算法 参数优化 

分 类 号：S226.5[农业科学—农业机械化工程]