基于分级过滤的沼液微灌系统设计与分析  

Analysis and Design of Biogas Slurry Micro-irrigation System by Sieves with Different Mesh Filtration

作　　者：刘洋 董力洪[1] 陈晓芬 刘佳[2] 罗翔 曹晓林[1] 吴罗发[1] 万里平 Liu Yang;Dong Lihong;Chen Xiaofen;Liu Jia;Luo Xiang;Cao Xiaolin;Wu Luofa;Wan Liping(Institute of Agricultural Engineering,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang 330200,China;Soil and Fertilizer&Resources and Environment Institute,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang 330200,China;Jiangxi Zhenghe Ecological Agriculture Co,Ltd,Xinyu 338000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院农业工程研究所,南昌330200 [2]江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所,南昌330200 [3]江西正合生态农业有限公司,江西新余338000

出　　处：《农机化研究》2023年第5期254-258,共5页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：江西省重大研发专项(20182ABC28006);江西省水利厅科技成果重点推广计划项目(202022TGKT07);江西省农机装备应用技术体系专项(jxars-21-果园生产机械化)。

摘　　要：目前,畜禽养殖生产产生大量粪污给环境带来巨大压力,而沼气工程利用厌氧发酵处理畜禽粪污,产生大量集中的沼液,存在二次污染的风险。针对这一问题,设计了一种基于分级过滤的微灌装置专门用于沼液灌溉。该装置包括沼液过滤池、沉淀池、污水泵、灌溉管路、过滤箱、清水池、清水泵、阀门、注肥器、肥料罐、灌溉支管和灌水器等,沼液过滤池有可更换不同目数的不锈钢网对沼液进行初步过滤,过滤箱内3层等体积的石英砂层、火山石层和粗砂石层对沼液进行多级过滤。整套系统设有专门的清洗管道与装置对灌溉管路和过滤箱反冲洗;设置沼液每灌溉2h,系统清洗过滤箱和灌溉管路1次,系统运行300h无堵塞现象发生。试验结果表明:经过不同目数不锈钢网组合、粗砂石、火山岩和石英砂过滤后,可以去除沼液中79.5%以上的悬浮物,氮、磷、钾含量分别各减少50%、10.5%和22.5%,且过滤产生的液体基本可以达到农田灌溉水水质标准。At present,a large amount of livestock and poultry manure produced by animal husbandry has brought great pressure on environmental protection of China.Biogas projects treat manure with anaerobic fermentation,meanwhile generated biogas slurry is difficult to be treated,and it will cause serious pollution to the environment.Aim at this problem,designing a biogas slurry micro-irrigation system by sieves with different mesh filtration,there are all sort of biogas slurry filtering basin,sedimentation basin,sewage pump,irrigation pipeline,filtering tank,water basin,pump,valves,fertilizer applicator,fertilizer tank,emitter and so on.The replacing stainless steel meshes with different diamond and are applied in the preliminarily filtering biogas slurry.The filtering tank composing with 3 different volume(quartz sand,volcanic rocks,sand)is multilevel filtration-purification system.The biogas slurry micro-irrigation system use a special equipment to sluiced the irrigation pipeline,filtering tank and emitter.The system can be set to run two hour with irrigating biogas slurry,and then started the special sluiced equipment.The system running were able to remain in operation without failure or gridlock in three hundred hour.Experimental results show that,more than 79.5% of suspended solids in biogas slurry can be removed after filtration by different mesh combination of stainless steel mesh,coarse sand,volcanic rock and quartz sand,with 50% of the removal rate of nitrogen,with 10.5% of the removal rate of phosphorus,with 22.5% of the removal rate of potassium.After some special treatment,the liquid produced by filtration may be used as basically meet the water quality standards for irrigation water.This research study can provide a reference for the treatment and utilization of biogas slurry.

关 键 词：沼液灌溉系统 分级过滤 过滤效果 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程] TV93[农业科学—农业工程]