基于火灾荷载的城市高层住宅建筑单室火灾模拟分析  

Single-room fire simulation analysis of high-rise residential buildings based on fire load

作　　者：文波[1,2] 王兴茂 WEN Bo;WANG Xingmao(School of Resources Engineering,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an 710055,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学资源工程学院,西安710055 [2]西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院,西安710055

出　　处：《工业安全与环保》2022年第12期1-7,共7页Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52078415);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022KW-36);中国地震局工程力学研究所基本科研业务费专项资助项目(2020EEEVL0415);陕西省教育厅协同创新中心项目(20JY034)。

摘　　要：为了研究城市高层住宅建筑的火灾荷载分布特征、单室火灾发展规律及可持续发展判据,通过实地调研、理论分析等方法建立高层住宅建筑火灾荷载分布模型,以单室内的热释放速率、火源位置等为变量,建立单室火灾轰燃模型和演化模型,构建了高层住宅建筑单室火灾可持续发展判据。结果表明:火灾荷载密度平均值为748.20 MJ/m^(2),标准值为1202.22 MJ/m^(2),火灾荷载密度为306.72~1278 MJ/m^(2);ShapiroWilk检验显示住宅建筑火灾荷载密度服从正态分布;火源位于单室中央比位于墙角处火灾增长速率快;3000k W可作为单室火灾发展蔓延的最大火灾热释放速率判据;同等热释放速率条件下,火源位于单室中央比位于墙角处烟气遮光率更晚达到100%,热释放速率变大对单室内烟气遮光率的影响较小。热释放速的大小与气相物质总质量成正相关,对气相物质产生速率的影响较小。In order to study the fire load distribution characteristics,single room fire development law and sustainable development criterion of urban high-rise residential buildings,the fire load distribution model of high-rise residential buildings is established through field investigation and theoretical analysis.Taking the heat release rate and fire source location of single room as variables,the single-room fire flashover model and evolution model are established,and the sustainable development criterion of single-room fire of high-rise residential buildings is constructed.The results show that the average value of fire load density is 748.20 MJ/m^(2),the standard value is 1202.22 MJ/m^(2),and the range of fire load density is 306.72 MJ/m^(2)-1278 MJ/m^(2).Shapiro-Wilk test shows that the fire load density of residential buildings obeys normal distribution.The fire source is located in the center of a single-room,and the fire growth rate is faster than that at the corner of the wall.3000 kW can be used as the criterion of the maximum fire heat release rate for the development and spread of single-room fire.Under the condition of the same heat release rate,when the fire source is located in the center of the single-room,the refractive index percentage of the smoke in the single room reaches 100%later than that at the corner of the single-room,and the increase of the heat release rate has less effect on the smoke refractive index percentage in the single-room.The magnitude of the heat release rate is positively correlated with the total mass of the gaseous substance,and has little effect on the generation rate of the gaseous substance.

关 键 词：城市高层住宅建筑 单室火灾 温度分布 热释放速率 

分 类 号：TU998.1[建筑科学—市政工程]