论中华民族共同体建设的语言基础——对现行《宪法》语言条款的再阐释  

On Langue Basis of Chinese National Community Construction:A Reinterpretation to Langue Provisions of the Current Constitution

作　　者：王建学 WANG Jianxu(Law School,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学法学院,天津300072

出　　处：《法学论坛》2022年第6期16-27,共12页Legal Forum

基　　金：国家社科重大项目《国家纵向治理体系现代化和法治化若干重大问题研究》(20&ZD159)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：通用语言文字是现代民族国家建构的基本要素,语言条款构成现代宪法的重要内容。我国现行宪法基于中华民族多元一体格局采取“通用语言+地方语言”的双重结构。不同于偏重语言自由的德国模式,它更接近偏重国家建构的法国模式。国家一方面必须推行通用语言,从而夯实中华民族共同体建设的语言基础,另一方面也应尊重各民族的语言自由。通用语言与地方语言的和谐共存要求在宪法审查中把握好审查基准。法国宪法审查采取官方语言在公共领域的独占性标准,我国备案审查在兼顾语言自由的同时应当坚持通用语言的不可取代性。在不断推进中华民族共同体建设的过程中,必须兼收并蓄借鉴比较法,充分阐释宪法语言条款,从而形成具有中国特色的语言宪法体系。Common language is the basic element of the construction of modern nation-state,and language provisions constitute an important content of modern Constitutions.China’s current Constitution is based on the pattern of pluralism and integration of the Chinese nation and adopts the dual structure of common language and local language.Different from the German model that emphasizes language freedom,it is closer to the French model that emphasizes state construction.On the one hand,the state must promote the common language,so as to consolidate the language foundation of the construction of the Chinese national community.On the other hand,it should also respect the language freedom of all ethnic groups.The harmonious coexistence of common language and local language requires a good grasp of the constitutional review standard.The French Constitutional Council adopts the exclusive standard of official language in the public sphere,while China’s filing review should consider the freedom of language and adhere to the irreplaceable standard of common language.In the process of continuously promoting the construction of the Chinese national community,it’s necessary to draw on the comparative law and fully explain the language provisions of the constitution,so as to form a language constitutional system with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：中华民族共同体 通用语言文字 普通话 语言权 备案审查 

分 类 号：D911[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]