太湖浅层底泥营养盐污染特征评价  

Evaluation on nutrients pollution characteristics of shallow sediments in Taihu Lake

作　　者：陆志华[1] 王元元[1] 蔡梅 钱旭 LU Zhihua;WANG Yuanyuan;CAI Mei;QIAN Xu(Water Conservancy Development Research Center,Taihu Basin Authority of Ministry of Water Resources,Shanghai 200434,China)

机构地区：[1]太湖流域管理局水利发展研究中心,上海200434

出　　处：《人民长江》2022年第12期23-29,共7页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0407205)。

摘　　要：基于已有底泥营养盐污染评价方法与成果、最新太湖大范围底泥勘察监测数据,提出了太湖底泥营养盐污染分级判别依据,评价了太湖浅层(0~30 cm)底泥TP、TN、OM(有机质)的污染情况,分析了不同营养盐之间的相关性以及重度污染区域状况。结果表明:太湖浅层底泥中不同营养盐空间分布差异较大,TN与OM分布特征较为相似,TP分布特征较为不同,TP污染以竺山湖最严重,TN污染、OM污染以东太湖最严重;TN与OM之间呈极强正相关(r为0.918~0.937,p<0.01),TP与OM之前呈弱相关(r为0.245~0.328,p<0.01);重度污染区域主要分布在竺山湖、贡湖北部、湖心区靠近竺山湖与梅梁湖处、东太湖、东部沿岸区以及西部沿岸区局部地区、南部沿岸区局部地区;0~10,10~20,20~30,0~30 cm不同深度的底泥重度污染区域面积分别为216.14,222.64,147.31,145.37 km^(2)。研究成果可为太湖底泥污染治理与富营养化防治提供一定参考和依据。Based on the existing methods and results of sediment nutrient pollution evaluation,and the latest large-scale sediments survey and monitoring data in Taihu Lake,a classification criterion of nutrient pollution in sediments of Taihu Lake were proposed,and the nutrients(TP,TN,OM)pollution of shallow sediments in Taihu Lake at depth of 0~30 cm were evaluated,and the correlation between different nutrients and the situation of heavy pollution areas were analyzed.The results showed that the spatial distribution of different nutrients in the shallow sediments in Taihu Lake was quite different.The distribution characteristics of TN and OM were relatively similar,while TP had other characteristics.The TP pollution of Zhushan Bay was the most serious in Taihu Lake,and the TN pollution and OM pollution of East Taihu Lake were the most serious.There was a strong positive correlation between TN and OM(r=0.918~0.937,p<0.01),and a weak correlation between TP and OM(r=0.245~0.328,p<0.01).The heavy nutrients pollution areas were mainly distributed in Zhushan Bay,the north of Gonghu Bay,the central lake near Zhushan Bay and Meiliang Bay,the East Taihu Lake,the eastern coastal area of Taihu Lake,and part of the western coastal area of Taihu Lake,part of the southern coastal area of Taihu Lake.The areas of heavy nutrients pollution in 0~10 cm,10~20 cm,20~30 cm and 0~30 cm depth were 216.14 km^(2),222.64km^(2),147.31km^(2),145.37km^(2).The research results can provide some reference and basis for the control of sediment pollution and eutrophication in Taihu Lake.

关 键 词：浅层底泥 营养盐 污染特征 太湖 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]