半湿润地区6种常用灌木对降雨截留的影响  

Effects of six shrub species in semi-humid region on the rainfall interceptions

作　　者：李海防 俞洁蕾 邵西宁 周春玲 LI Haifang;YU Jielei;SHAO Xining;ZHOU Chunling(School of Landscape Architecture and Forestry,Qingdao Agricultural University,266109,Qingdao,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学园林与林学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2022年第6期83-93,共11页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：青岛科技惠民计划项目“基于海绵体功能的城市森林质量提升关键技术研究”(19-6-1-86-nsh);青岛农业大学人才启动基金“基于3S技术的青岛市森林景观格局优化与生态网络构建”(663/1116023)。

摘　　要：在半湿润地区创新节水型城市绿地建设模式,实现绿地由耗水型向节水型转变,是学术界关注的热点问题。以青岛市城阳区为试验区域,通过人工模拟降雨和水量平衡等方法,对金叶女贞、冬青卫矛、小叶黄杨、红叶石楠、龙柏和侧柏6种常用灌木的冠层截留进行测定,探究冠层形态特征对降雨截留的影响。结果表明:龙柏和侧柏的单叶面积、叶宽、叶长宽比等叶形态特征与其他4种阔叶灌木不同,叶片面积指数(LAI)都显著大于其他4种阔叶灌木(P<0.05);6种灌木均表现为穿透雨率>冠层截留率>茎流率,且随降雨强度增大,穿透雨率和茎流率明显增加,而截留率却相对减少;阔叶灌木的穿透雨率大于针叶灌木(P<0.05),茎流率与之相同(P<0.05),而截留率则相反,表现为针叶灌木大于阔叶灌木(P<0.05);灌木冠层形态特征中,LAI、叶宽、叶长宽比、叶正面接触角与冠层截留显著相关(P<0.05),LAI、叶形和叶润湿性是影响降雨截留的主要因素。阔叶灌木易形成一个“漏斗形”的茎流水分聚集系统,有利于土壤水增蓄,而针叶灌木由于高LAI、特殊的叶形以及叶表高润湿性更有利于冠层截留,在冠层水饱和前其调蓄雨洪的能力更强。[Background]With the increasing cost of urban water resource,how to develop a water-saving planting mode in urban greenland and transform water consuming mode into water saving mode have become an academic hotspot which needs to be urgently solved for urban greenland management in semi-humid region.[Methods]Using an artificial simulated rainfall system,we selected Chengyang district of Qingdao as an experimental area,determined the canopy interception of 6 shrub species including Ligustrum×vicaryi,Euonymus japonicus,Buxus sinica var.parvifolia,Photinia×fraseri,Juniperus chinensis and Platycladus orientalis,and analyzed the relationships between morphological characteristics and canopy interception.[Results]Among 6 shrub species,the leaf area,leaf width and leaf length/width ratio of J.chinensis and P.orientalis were remarkably different with the other 4 shrub species and the LAIs of J.chinensis and P.orientalis were significantly higher than those of the other 4 shrub species(P<0.05).For all the 6 shrub species,the descending order was throughfall rates>interception rates>stemflow rates,and throughfall and stemflow increased significantly,while the canopy interception decreased with the increase of rainfall intensity.Throughfall rates of broad-leaved shrubs were higher than that of coniferous shrubs(P<0.05),and the changing trend of stemflow rates was similar(P<0.05).However,the canopy interception rates showed an opposite pattern(P<0.05).LAI,leaf width,leaf length/width ratio and contact angle were significantly correlated with canopy interception(P<0.05),and LAI,phylliform and leaf wettability were the most important factors affecting canopy interception of shrubs.[Conclusions]The broad-leaved shrubs tend to form a“funnel-shaped”stemflow water accumulation system,which contributed to the storage of soil water,while the coniferous shrubs favor canopy interception due to higher LAI,special leaf shape and high wettability of leaf surface,and had a stronger ability to regulate the storm flood before the canop

关 键 词：灌木 冠层形态特征 冠层截留 半湿润地区 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]