保水型包膜缓释尿素的制备及释肥特性  

Preparation of water-retaining coated slow-release urea and fertilizer release characteristics

作　　者：董磊 管晨博 褚东涛 张念 王趁义[1] DONG Lei;GUAN Chenbo;CHU Dongtao;ZHANG Nian;WANG Chenyi(School of Biological&Environmental Sciences,Zhejiang Wanli University,315100,Ningbo,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江万里学院生物与环境学院,浙江宁波315100

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2022年第6期109-115,共7页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“第四类新型脲酶抑制剂的优化合成、活性筛选及其作用机制研究”(31071856);浙江省自然科学基金“新型脲酶抑制剂调控尿素高效利用的分子机理及其动力学机制研究”(LY16C150002&Y407318);浙江省一流学科“生物工程”学生创新项目“一体式芬顿-紫外生化反应器的研制及其处理垃圾渗滤液的效果研究(CX2021040)”和学生创新项目“利用虾蟹壳制备铝基甲壳素复合物及其除藻净水性能研究”(CX2021023)

摘　　要：传统尿素肥料的利用率低,造成严重的农业资源浪费和面源污染,同时水资源不足也是限制我国农业发展的重要因素之一。因此,保水型包膜缓释尿素的应用已成为土壤养分资源优化施用和节水型农业发展的必然趋势。但现有的保水型包膜缓释尿素成本过高,限制其在农业上的推广应用。因此,开发高效廉价且有保水功能的缓释肥料是目前的研究重点。利用转鼓包衣技术,以大颗粒尿素为内核载体、混合料(凹凸棒∶粉煤灰=8∶2)为内层、聚丙烯酸树脂为中层、高吸水性树脂为外层,研制出新型保水型包膜缓释尿素(WRCU)肥料,并探讨WRCU的最佳组分比例,及其在土壤介质中的养分释放特性。WRCU中各成分的最佳质量比为内层∶中层∶外层∶内核=20∶11∶3∶66。WRCU的抗压强度为81.59 N,最大吸水倍率为641 g/g,土柱中1 d总氮溶出率为12.25%,30 d内的总氮和尿素氮的养分浸出率分别为81.27%和47.62%;而未包衣的大颗粒尿素在1 d内的总氮和尿素氮的养分浸出已达86.38%和83.26%。[Background]The low utilization rate of traditional urea fertilizer has caused serious waste of agricultural resources and non-point source pollution,and the shortage of water resources has also become one of the important factors restricting the development of agriculture in China.Therefore,water-retaining coated slow-release(WRCU)urea has become the inevitable trend of optimal application of soil nutrient resources and development of water-saving agriculture.However,the cost of the existing WRCU is too high,which limits its application in agriculture.[Methods]A novel WRCU fertilizer was developed by using the transfer drum coating technique with large particle urea as the inner core carrier,blend(attapulgite∶fly ash=8∶2)as the inner layer,polyacrylic acid resin as the middle layer,and high water absorption resin as the outer layer,to explore the optimal composition ratio of WRCU.The nutrient release rate of WRCU was measured by the Kjeldahl method.Compressive strength of WRCU was measured by universal testing machine.The water retention properties of WRCU were determined by mass difference before and after water absorption from WRCU.Finally,a soil column drenching experiment was used to show the nutrient release characteristics of WRCU in soil media.[Results]The optimal weight ratio of each component in WRCU is:20%inorganic material(attapulgite∶fly ash=8∶2),11%polyacrylic acid resin coating amount,3%superabsorbent resin,the rest is large granule urea.At the same time,the compressive strength of WRCU is 81.59 N,the maximum water absorption ratio is 641 g/g,total nitrogen dissolution in soil column at 1 day was 12.25%,and the nutrient leaching of total nitrogen and urea nitrogen in 30 day was 81.27%and 47.62%,respectively;while the nutrient leaching of total nitrogen and urea nitrogen by uncoated macroparticles urea within 1 d has reached 86.38%and 83.26%.[Conculsions]The WRCU showed good slow-release effect of nutrients and water retention function,and the materials used were easily degradable materials

关 键 词：保水型包膜缓释尿素(WRCU) 保水性和缓释性能 释肥特征 尿素利用率 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]