我国刑法核准追诉制度的教义学展开  

The Doctrine Development of China's Criminal Law Approval and ProsecutionSystem

作　　者：张禹 焦俊峰[1] Zhang Yu;Jiao Junfeng(Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan,Hubei 430073)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学刑事司法学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《重庆社会科学》2022年第11期77-92,共16页Chongqing Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“社会关联视角下的黑恶势力犯罪治理机制研究”(19BFX071)。

摘　　要：核准追诉制度作为超期追诉犯罪人的制度根据,我国司法机关对其适用性缺乏应有的积极性和统一性,其原因在于核准追诉制度之内涵、“核准追诉必要性”的判断标准、“报请核准”之含义等三方面的不明确性。对案件有管辖权的检察机关和侦查机关、被害人及其近亲属皆可为“认为必须追诉”的主体;核准追诉的对象为犯罪人而非犯罪行为;法定量刑情节中的“应当”量刑情节需要考虑进“法定最高刑”之确定。对核准追诉必要性的判断应当以犯罪人在犯罪时的所有客观事实为根本依据,兼考虑犯罪人的现实人身危险性。“报请核准”之程序的推进应当以检察系统为主线层报至最高人民检察院,如果犯罪人被“核准追诉”,则司法机关继续追究其刑事责任,反之则仅免除其应承受之刑罚而不免除对其有罪之宣告。The approval and prosecution system is the institutional basis for prosecuting criminals over time,and my country's judicial organs lack due enthusiasm and uniformity in its application.The reason lies in the ambiguity of the connotation of the approval and prosecution system,the judgment criteria of"necessity of approval for prosecution",and the meaning of"approval and approval".The procuratorial organs and investigation organs that have jurisdiction over the case,the victims and their close relatives can all be the subjects who"think it must be prosecuted";the object of approval for prosecution is the perpetrator rather than the criminal behavior;the"should"sentencing circumstances in the statutory sentencing circumstances The determination of the"statutory maximum sentence"needs to be taken into consideration.The judgment of the necessity of approving prosecution shall be based on all the objective facts of the offender at the time of the crime,and also take into account the actual personal danger of the offender.The advancement of the"approval application"procedure should be reported to the Supreme People's Procuratorate from the procuratorial system as the main line.If the offender is"approved for prosecution",the judicial organ will continue to pursue his criminal responsibilityandrelease his guilt.

关 键 词：追诉时效制度 核准追诉制度 核准追诉必要性考察 报请核准 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]