典型弹药装药保温平衡时间特性实验研究  

Experimental Research on the Temperature Equilibration Time of Typical Ammunitions

作　　者：程玉川 董昌灏 余永刚[2] 张雷[1] 管廷伟 CHENG Yuchuan;DONG Changhao;YU Yonggang;ZHANG Lei;GUAN Tingwei(Unit 63850 of PLA,Baicheng 137001,China;School of Energy and Power Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军63850部队,吉林白城137001 [2]南京理工大学能源与动力工程学院,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《弹道学报》2022年第4期105-110,共6页Journal of Ballistics

摘　　要：发射药温度直接影响装药的燃烧速度,进而影响火炮的发射性能。为了深入研究弹药温度试验中发射装药的保温平衡时间,选取了不同口径的多种现役典型弹药展开了实验研究,通过对弹药改装并搭建多通道的温度采集系统,测量了靶场弹药保温试验升、降温过程中发射装药内部温度的变化规律。在此基础上,引入了弹药热学中心的概念和保温平衡时间的计算方法,得到了12种发射药在4种温度工况下的保温平衡时间。研究结果表明:弹药内部从外向里传热速率越来越慢、保温平衡时间越来越长;本文研究的12种发射装药的保温平衡时间均不超过26 h,口径较大的弹药所需的弹药保温平衡时间较长,其中小口径弹药的保温平衡时间仅需要7~8 h;装药中心的传火管结构和中空的可燃纸筒结构减小了弹药的保温平衡时间。通过比较得出,靶场试验弹药的保温平衡时间较现行国军标规定的保温平衡时间可大幅缩短,能够提高靶场试验效率,具有重要意义。The propellant temperature is one of the critical effects on the combustion speed of the ammunitions, and can affect the interior ballistic performance of guns. To obtain the temperature equilibration time of the charge in the ammunition temperature test, a group of experiments were carried on by testing a variety of typical ammunitions with different calibers in service. The ammunitions were modified, and a multi-channel temperature acquisition system was built to measure the internal temperature of the charge during the heating and cooling processes of the ammunition heat preservation test at the shooting range. Then, the concept of the thermal center and the calculation method of the temperature equilibration time were introduced. The equilibrium time of 12 kinds of propellants for 4 heating/cooling conditions was obtained based on the experimental data. Research results show that the heat transfer rate from the outside to the inside of the ammunition is getting slower, and the temperature equilibration time becomes longer. The temperature equilibration time of the 12 kinds of ammunitions in our experiment is no more than 26 hours, the temperature equilibration time is greater for the ammunition with a larger diameter generally, and the equilibration time of the small-caliber ammunition is only 7 h-8 h in this experiment. Besides, temperature equilibration time of the ammunition is decreased caused by the igniter tube in the charge center and the hollow combustible paper tube. It is concluded that the temperature equilibration time of the ammunition in the shooting range test can be greatly shortened compared with the temperature equilibration time specified by the current national military standard, which can improve the efficiency of the shooting range test.

关 键 词：发射药温度 保温平衡时间 温度采集系统 实验研究 

分 类 号：TJ410[兵器科学与技术—火炮、自动武器与弹药工程]