青海隆宝国家级自然保护区湿地鸟类多样性  

Diversity of Wetland Birds at Longbao National Nature Reserve

作　　者：朵海瑞[1] 季海川 杨芳 赵宏 巴桑才仁 马宏义 卓玛永吉 才仁达哇 江永坚赞 魏婷婷 DUO Hai-rui;JI Hai-chuan;YANG Fang;ZHAO Hong;BA Sangcairen;MA Hong-yi;ZHUO Mayongji;CAI Rendawa;JIANG yongjianzan;wei ting-ting(Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810000,Qinghai,China;Qinghai Wetland Conservation Center,Xining 810008,Qinghai,China;Qinghai Duomei Ecology and Environment Protection Company,Xining 810000,Qinghai,China;Longbao National Nature Reserve Management Station,Yushu 815000,Qinghai,China;Forestry and Grassland Comprehensive Service Center of Yushu Prefecture,Yushu 815000,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学,青海西宁810000 [2]青海省湿地保护中心,青海西宁810008 [3]青海多美生态环保科技有限公司,青海西宁810000 [4]玉树州隆宝国家级自然保护区管理站,青海玉树815000 [5]玉树州林业和草原综合服务中心,青海玉树815000

出　　处：《湿地科学与管理》2022年第6期33-37,共5页Wetland Science & Management

基　　金：中央林业改革发展资金国家级自然保护区补助资金项目;中央财政林草科技推广示范项目;湿地保护与恢复项目。

摘　　要：青海隆宝国家级自然保护区是三江源头区的重要湿地,也是鸟类迁徙途中重要的停歇地。2018—2020年采用样线调查和定点观察法调查了青海隆宝保护区鸟类多样性。结果表明:共记录鸟类15目38科122种,其中,国家I级保护动物8种,国家II级保护动物13种。2018—2020年保护区鸟类物种数增加22种,旅鸟物种数增加7种;鸟类个体数量波动较大,优势种斑头雁(Anser indicus)个体数量减少19.87%。鸟类群落丰富度Shannon-Wiener指数和均匀度Pielou指数从2018的0.631和0.466增加到2020年的2.30和1.48。隆宝保护区鸟类种类多、多样性高,其中黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)和斑头雁的种群数量已达到国际重要湿地标准,应尽快申报隆宝国际重要湿地。As an important wetland in the Sanjiangyuan area,Longbao national nature reserve has become an important habitat for migration birds.Bird diversity in the nature reserve was investigated using sample line survey and fixed point observation during the period from 2018 to 2020.A total of 122 species,belonging to 15 orders,38 families were recorded,of which 8 and 13 species were listed respectively as the class-I and class-II wild animals for national protection in China.From 2018 to 2020,the number of bird species increased by 22,and the number of migration bird species increased by 7.The number of individual birds fluctuated greatly,and the proportion of dominant species of bar-headed goose decreased by 19.87%.Shannon-Wiener index of bird community richness and Pielou index of evenness of bird community were increased from 0.631 and 0.466 in 2018 to 2.30 and 1.48 in 2020.The diversity is high in the Longbao Reserve,among which the populations of black-necked cranes and spotted geese have reached 1%Population standard of Ramsar site.Application for Ramsar site needs to be made as soon as possible.

关 键 词：湿地 鸟类组成 隆宝保护区 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]