陕西省农村生活饮用水中重金属元素的健康风险评价  

Health risk assessment of heavy metal elements in rural drinking water in Shaanxi province

作　　者：贾茹 孙茜 雷佩玉 郑晶利 张同军[1] 惠晓芬 JIA Ru;SUN Qian;LEI Peiyu;ZHENG Jingli;ZHANG Tongjun;HUI Xiaofen(Institute of Environmental Health Research and Assessment,Shaanxi Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi'an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省疾病预防控制中心环境健康研究与评价所,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《临床医学研究与实践》2022年第36期31-33,38,共4页Clinical Research and Practice

基　　金：陕西省科技资源开放共享平台项目(No.2016FWPT-12)。

摘　　要：目的了解陕西省农村生活饮用水重金属污染状况并评估其对人体的健康风险,为饮用水的风险管理提供科学依据。方法于2018年4至9月对陕西省涉农县水样中砷、六价铬、铅、镉、汞、硒、铜、锌8种重金属元素进行检测。采用美国环境保护局(USEPA)推荐的健康风险评价模型对重金属元素引起的健康风险进行评价。结果共采集检测水样6144份(出厂水2790份、末梢水3354份),砷、六价铬、铅和硒的超标率分别为0.52%、4.44%、0.24%和0.70%。Mann-Whitney U检验结果显示,出厂水和末梢水中8种重金属元素的浓度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。健康风险评价显示,砷和六价铬存在致癌风险,铅的致癌风险在可接受范围内,且8种重金属元素的非致癌风险均处于可接受范围内。无论致癌风险还是非致癌风险,其数值均是儿童>成年女性>成年男性。结论陕西省农村生活饮用水中砷和六价铬的致癌风险较高。Objective To understand the status of heavy metal pollution in rural drinking water in Shaanxi province and assess its health risks to human body,so as to provide scientific basis for risk management of drinking water.Methods From April to September 2018,eight heavy metal elements of arsenic,hexavalent chromium,lead,cadmium,mercury,selenium,copper and zinc in water samples of agriculture-related counties in Shaanxi province were detected.The health risk assessment model recommended by the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA)was used to evaluate the health risks caused by heavy metal elements.Results A total of 6144 water samples(2790 samples were factory water and 3354 samples were end water)were collected and tested,the exceeding standard rates of arsenic,hexavalent chromium,lead and selenium were 0.52%,4.44%,0.24%and 0.70%,respectively.Mann-Whitney U test results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the concentrations of eight heavy metal elements in the factory water and the end water(P>0.05).The health risk assessment showed that arsenic and hexavalent chromium had carcinogenic risks,the carcinogenic risk of lead was within the acceptable range,and the non-carcinogenic risks of eight heavy metal elements were within the acceptable range.Whether carcinogenic risk or non-carcinogenic risk,the value was children>adult women>adult men.Conclusion Arsenic and hexavalent chromium have higher carcinogenic risks in rural drinking water in Shaanxi province.

关 键 词：农村 生活饮用水 重金属元素 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：R123[医药卫生—环境卫生学]