深松耕作下灌溉定额对棉田水分利用效率及产量的影响  

Effects of Irrigation Quota on Water use Efficiency and Yield of Cotton Field under Subsoiling Tillage

作　　者：王亮 吾买尔江·库尔班[2] 郭仁松[1] 林涛[1] 徐海江[1] 郑子漂 崔建平[1] 田立文[1] WANG Liang;Wumaierjiang Kuerban;GUO Rensong;LIN Tao;XU Haijiang;ZHENG Zipiao;CUI Jianping;TIAN Liwen(Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Industrial Crops,Urumqi 830091 China;Kuqa Upland Cotton Test Station,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kuqa Xinjiang 842099,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业科学院库车陆地棉试验站,新疆库车842099

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2022年第10期2374-2383,共10页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2020D01B36);新疆农业科学院青年骨干创新能力培养基金(xjnkq-2019012);国家自然科学基金(31860358);自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B02009-2);农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-201804);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0101605);国家棉花产业技术体系项目(CARS-15-50)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究深松耕作下灌溉定额对新疆南疆滴灌棉田棉花生长发育及水分利用效率和产量的影响,优化新疆滴灌棉田灌水制度,为新疆南疆地区棉花生产实现高效用水,节水保产提供理论依据。【方法】2019年,深松40 cm条件下,设置2400 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(1))、3000 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(2))、3600 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(3))和4200 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(4))4个滴灌定额的田间试验,测定并分析不同滴灌定额对棉花生长发育、水分利用效率及产量的调节效应。【结果】深松40 cm条件下,棉花株高和叶面积指数均随灌溉定额的增加呈线性增大趋势,W_(3)和W_(4)处理株高与叶面积指数显著高于W_(1)处理;灌溉定额的增加,促进生育后期生物量的形成,有利于产量提高,但灌溉定额过大,反而不利于生物量积累与产量形成,不同处理生物量累积表现为W_(3)>W_(2)>W_(4)>W_(1)的变化规律,且W_(3)处理显著高于W_(1)处理(P<0.05),分别较W_(1)、W_(2)和W_(4)处理高出18.8%、9.6%和13.9%;增加灌溉定额,各生育期0~80 cm土层内土壤含水量均呈递增变化趋势,但灌溉量过大,容易造成水分下渗;对于产量性状而言,W_(3)处理单株结铃数显著较W_(1)处理增加10.9%,W_(2)和W_(3)处理籽棉产量显著高于W_(1)和W_(4)处理(P<0.05),W_(2)处理分别较其他处理高出10.9%、0.6%和11.8%;水分利用效率随灌溉定额的增加显著降低(P<0.05),处理间均达到显著性差异。【结论】深松40 cm条件下,当灌溉定额在3000~3600 m^(3)/hm^(2),更有利于促进棉花生长发育和干物质积累,能更好的平衡水分利用与产量的关系,利于产量形成。【Objective】To explore the effects of irrigation quota on cotton growth and development,soil moisture distribution,water use efficiency and yield under subsoiling tillage in southern Xinjiang,optimize the irrigation system of drip irrigation cotton field in Xinjiang,which provided a theoretical basis for optimizing the irrigation system of drip irrigation cotton field and realizing efficient water use,water saving and increase production in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】Therefore,a cotton cultivation field positioning drip irrigation quotas experiment was carried out under the condition of subsoiling 40 cm from April to October of 2019 in Awati County experimental base of the arid inland Tarim Basin,Northwest Xinjiang,four drip irrigation quotas of 2400 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(1)),3,000 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(2)),3,600 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(3))and 4,200 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(4))were set,aiming to explore the effects of different drip irrigation quotas on cotton growth and development,water use efficiency(WUE)and the growth characteristics and crop productivity in cotton growing seasons.【Results】Under the condition of 40 cm subsoiling,the plant height and leaf area index of cotton increased linearly with the increase of irrigation quota,The plant height and leaf area index of W_(3) and W_(4) treatment were significantly higher than that of W_(1) treatment;The increase of irrigation quota promoted the formation of biomass in the later growth stage and was conducive to the increase of yield,but the excessive irrigation quota was not conducive to biomass accumulation and yield formation.The biomass accumulation of different treatments showed the change of W_(3)>W_(2)>W_(4)>W_(1),and W_(3) treatment was significantly higher than W_(1) treatment(P<0.05),which was 18.8%,9.6%and 13.9%higher than W_(1),W_(2) and W_(4) treatment respectively;With the increase of irrigation quota,the soil water content in each growth period showed an increasing trend in 0~80 cm soil layer,but too much irrigation was easy to cause water infiltration;However,ex

关 键 词：棉花 灌溉定额 深松 土壤水分 水分利用效率 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S274