新郁葡萄顺架龙干式(V+水平)叶幕对果穗微域环境和品质及效益的影响  

Effects of Inclined Dragon Trunk Shaping(V+horizontal)Leaf Curtain Cultivation on Cluster Micro-Environment,Fruit Quality and Benefit of the Xinyu Grapes

作　　者：白世践 户金鸽 蔡军社 BAI Shijian;HU Jinge;CAI Junshe(Research Institute of Grapes and Melons of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Shanshan Xinjiang 838200,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所,新疆鄯善838200

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2022年第10期2475-2485,共11页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2021D01A147);现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-29-26);自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费“新郁葡萄优质高效栽培关键技术研究”(KY2021062)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究顺架龙干式(V+水平)叶幕栽培模式对吐鲁番地区鲜食葡萄果穗微域环境、果实品质、白粉病发生情况及经济效益的影响,为鲜食葡萄优质高效栽培提供参考。【方法】以吐鲁番地区新郁葡萄为试材,采用顺架龙干式(V+水平)叶幕栽培,以传统小棚架栽培为对照,比较2种栽培模式下果实发育期果穗微域环境和采收期果实品质、白粉病发生情况及经济效益差异。【结果】相比传统小棚架栽培,顺架龙干式(V+水平)叶幕栽培提高了新郁葡萄果实发育期微域环境的光、热水平,平均温差增大2.37℃,日均总辐射是小棚架的1.47倍,减小了果实表面湿度及高湿度比例,改善了果穗微域环境;葡萄果粒质量、可溶性固形物含量和果皮花色苷含量增幅分别为32.09%、31.04%和171.43%,果实成熟期提前10 d,且着色、成熟一致性较好,果实综合品质、耐贮运性和商品率均明显提高,叶片白粉病发病率和病情指数分别降低59.49%和60.85%,简便高效的栽培模式减少了生产成本投入,667m^(2)经济效益提高86.50%。【结论】吐鲁番地区新郁葡萄采用顺架龙干式(V+水平)叶幕栽培模式较优。【Objective】To study the effect of inclined dragon trunk shaping(V+horizontal)leaf curtain cultivation mode on the culster micro-environment,fruit quality,powdery mildew occurrence and economic benefits of table grapes in Turpan area in the hope of providing reference for high-quality and efficient cultivation of table grapes in this producing region.【Method】The Xinyu grape in Turpan was taken as the test material,inclined dragon trunk shaping(V+horizontal)leaf curtain cultivation adopted,and the traditional small trellis cultivation used as a control,the culster micro-environment during fruit development under the two cultivation modes were compared to find out the differences in fruit quality,powdery mildew occurrence and economic benefits during harvest.【Results】The results showed that compared with traditional small trellis cultivation,inclined dragon trunk shaping(V+horizontal)leaf curtain cultivation improved the light and heat levels in the culster micro-environment during the development of Xinyu grape,and the average temperature difference increased by 2.37℃.The average daily total radiation was 1.47 times that of the small trellis,which reduced the surface humidity and high humidity ratio of the fruit,and improved the micro-environment of culster;berry mass,soluble solid content and anthocyanins of skin content increased by 32.09%,31.04%and 171.43%respectively,fruit ripening happened 10 days earlier,coloured ripeness was good,fruit quality,storage and commodity rate increased obviously,incidence and disease index of powdery mildew were reduced by 59.49%and 60.85%respectively,the simple and efficient cultivation mode reduced the production cost and increased the economic benefit of a unit of area by 86.50%.【Conclusion】The'Xinyu'grapes in Turpan region which adopts inclined dragon trunk shaping(V+horizontal)leaf curtain cultivation achieves the goal of high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation.

关 键 词：新郁葡萄 顺架龙干式 (V+水平)叶幕 微域环境 果实品质 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]