行政处罚数字化裁量的合法性风险及其危机控制  

On the Legitimacy Risk and Crisis Control of Digital Discretion of Administrative Punishment

作　　者：杨成[1] 陈昊[1] YANG Cheng;CHEN Hao(Law School,Kumming University of Science and Technology,Kumming 650500,Yumman,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学法学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《昆明理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第6期1-9,共9页Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“地方性法规补充设定行政处罚问题研究”(22XFX017)。

摘　　要：行政处罚数字化裁量将裁量基准以数字的方式应用在行政处罚中,缩减了行政主体直接适用法律的过程,提高了行政效率,维护了处罚结果的统一性。但是,数字化裁量也存在一定的合法性风险,即算法黑箱的存在导致数字化裁量与行政公开原则相背离,裁量基准在转译为代码的过程中出现的不确定性风险,以及过度依赖数字化裁量导致裁量权让渡予机器引发的合法性风险。为控制数字化裁量的合法性风险危机,应强化行政主体的释明义务,进一步完善裁量基准并框定数字化裁量的适用边界,构建合理的人机协作裁量机制。The digital discretion of administrative punishment applies the discretionary benchmark to the administrative penalty in a digital way,which reduces the process of direct application of the law by the administrative subject and improves the administrative efficiency.However,digital discretion also causes certain legality risks in that the existence of the algorithm black box leads to the deviation of digital discretion from the principle of administrative disclosure;the uncertainty risk arises from the process of translating the discretionary benchmark into code;and the excessive reliance on digital discretion results in discretionary power legitimacy crisis caused by surrendering to machines.In order to control the legitimacy risks of digital discretionary applications,we should strengthen the interpretation obligations of administrative entities,further improve the discretionary benchmarks,define the applicable boundaries of digital discretionary measures,and build a reasonable human-machine collaborative discretionary mechanism.

关 键 词：行政处罚 数字化裁量 合法性风险 危机控制 人机协作裁量机制 

分 类 号：D922.11[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]