河南省牧草种子质量调查  

Investigation on Seed Quality of Forage in Henan Province

作　　者：李慧莹 张晓霞 卢家顶 刘昊 王成章[1,3,4] 李德锋 史莹华[1,3,4] LI Huiying;ZHANG Xiaoxia;LU Jiading;LIU Hao;WANG Chengzhang;LI Defeng;SHI Yinghua(Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450046,China;Henan Forage Feed Station,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002,China;The Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources in Henan,Zhengzhou,Henan 450046,China;Henan Forage Grass Engineering Technology Research Center,Zhengzhou,Henan 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学,河南郑州450046 [2]河南省饲草饲料站,河南郑州450002 [3]河南省草地资源创新与利用重点实验室,河南郑州450046 [4]河南省牧草工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2022年第12期74-80,共7页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：国家牧草产业技术体系建设专项基金(CARS-34)。

摘　　要：为了解河南省黄河滩区优质草业带和牧草建设重点县2020年使用的草种品质,抽取了7个县28个批次种子,检验其含水量、纯净度、发芽率、发芽势和种子包衣等指标,检查标签的规范性。结果表明:(1)苜蓿、燕麦种子发芽率分别为64.3%~95.0%、53.7%~96.7%,各品种间差异较大;发芽率最高的草种是白三叶(爱丽丝),为97.7%,发芽率最低的是蒲公英,为33.0%。(2)各草种净度良好,为92.5%~99.8%,平均为97.0%,未检出其他杂草种子。(3)不同种类牧草发芽势差异较大,豆科和大籽粒禾本科种子发芽势较高,小籽粒禾本科牧草种子发芽速度稍慢;早熟禾与蒲公英发芽势最低;各草种大部分集中在4 d内发芽,蒲公英第3~8天内每天均有种子发芽,延续时间最长。(4)各草种都有标签,但发芽率标识不准确,实际发芽率均低于标示数字;仅部分苜蓿草种有包衣,包衣所占比例为9.6%~54.7%,品种间差异较大。综上所述,大部分草种品质较好,建议种植户购买种子后应做发芽试验,检测包衣占比,及时调整播种量,以免造成损失,大面积种植时应选择多个品种种植,以降低单一品种因种子品质引起的减产风险。To investigate the quality of forage seed used in 2020 in the high-quality grass belt on the Yellow River beach and in the key counties of forage grass construction program of Henan Province,28 batches of seeds were selected from 7 counties to test their water content,purity,germination rate,germination energy and seed coated indexes,and to check whether the labels were available and standardized.The results showed as follows:(1)The germination rates of alfalfa and oat seeds were 64.3%~95.0%and 53.7%~96.7%,respectively,and there were great differences among varieties.White clover(Alice)had the highest germination rate(97.7%),while dandelion had the lowest germination rate(33.0%).(2)The clearness of each species was good,with the clearness of 92.5%~99.8%,averaging 97%.No other weed seeds were detected.(3)The germination speed of different kinds of herbage was different.The germination speed of legumes and large-grain gramineous seeds was faster,while that of small-grain gramineous seeds was slower.Poa pratense and dandelion had the slowest germination rate.Most of the forage species germinated within 4 days,and dandelion seeds germinated every day from 3 to 8 days,which lasted the longest.(4)There were labels for each species,but the germination rate was not accurate,and the actual germination rate was lower than the marked number.Only part of alfalfa species were coated,and the proportion of coated species ranged from 9.6 to 54.7%.To sum up,most of the forage seed has good quality.It is suggested that farmers should do germination test and test the proportion of coating after purchasing seeds,and adjust the sowing amount in time to avoid losses.When planting in a large area,several varieties should be selected to reduce the risk of yield reduction caused by seed quality of a single variety.

关 键 词：牧草 种子 质量 检验 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学] S816